May, 1890. 
ORCHARD 
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99 
from the sprayed and every 100 from the 
unsprayed trees, there were 26 more mark- 
etable ones in the former case than in the 
latter. The total cost per tree for the sea- 
son's spraying was 5 cents, resulting in an 
average increase of 20 marketable pears per 
tree. ^ 
A Sliort-sigbted Policy. 
The Canadian Government has seen fit to 
remove fruit and ornamental trees, shrubs 
and plants from the free list, where they 
were placed in 1888, and to put upon them 
a duty as follows: 
Fruit, shade, lawn and ornamental trees, 
shrubs and plants, 20 per cent, ad valorem. 
Gooseberry bushes, two cents each. 
Grape vines costing ten cents and less, 
three cents each. 
Raspberry and blackberry plants, one 
cent each. 
Rose bushes, five cents each. 
Apple trees of all kinds, two cents each. 
Peach trees, four cents each. 
Pear trees of all kinds, four cents each. 
Plum trees of all kinds, five cents each. 
Cherry trees of all kinds, four cents each. 
Quince trees of all kinds, two and a half 
cents each. 
• 
Seedling stock for grafting, viz. plum, 
pear, peach and other fruit seedlings, 10 
per cent, ad valorem. 
As such a tariff rate in some cases equals 
the original cost of the stock it is likely to 
pretty thoroughly exclude American nur- 
sery stock from Canada and is severe upon 
the Canadian fruit-grower. Such a prohib- 
itory policy is a short-sighted one and it 
will result, not in throwing a very much 
larger trade into the hands of Canadian 
nurserymen, but simply in greatly lessen- 
ing the amount of fruit planting. There is 
a great deal of nursery stock that cannot 
be profitably grown in Canada and the lit- 
tle that is grown there must be sold at a 
much higher rate than the same stock has 
been hitherto bought for on this side. Shut 
off from the frait-grower this source of well- 
grown, cheap stock and he will certainlv 
plant less. For a country that is inviting 
emigration from abroad and seeking to de- 
velop and improve its large amount of un- 
occupied land such a measure is surely an- 
tagonistic to its own interests. The nur- 
sery business of Canada is not one of great 
magnitude and even under the protective 
tariff of 20 per cent, which it enjoyed prev- 
ious to 1888 it has not made much headway. 
The nurserymen of this country will be apt 
to feel, as their Canadian orders decrease, 
that in this case protection does indeed pro 
tect but the Dominion does it at the cost of 
her own fruit growers. 
In spraying apple trees for the destruc- 
tion of the Codling Moth it is well to wait 
until the petals of the blossoms have fallen 
in order not to destroy the great number of 
honey bees that gather there to sip the nec- 
tar. There is nothing gained by spraying 
before that time. 
Fruit Houses. 
We shall be very glad to have from our 
fruit-growing readers some notes and sug- 
gestions regarding fruit houses, which their 
experience may enable them to give on cold 
storage and the best manner of keeping ap- 
ples, pears and grapes. It is equally as im- 
portant, or more so, to know how to keep 
fruit until a profitable market occurs as it is 
to grow it properly. The great need of the 
present time in fruit producing localities is 
properly constructed but inexpensive fruit 
houses and good methods of storing and 
keeping fruit. If possible accompany 
descriptions of houses with sketch and plan 
of same, no matter how rudely they may 
be drawn. 
American Horticultural Society. 
We regret very much to learn that Prof. 
W. H. Ragan, the indefatigable Secretary 
of the American Horticultural Society, 
through continued bad health has felt com- 
pelled, first to decline a re-election to the 
office of Secretary, and more recently, to 
resign the unexpired term. Prof. E. A. 
Popenoe, of Manhattan, Kansas, Secretary 
elect, and now by appointment, will at once 
assume the duties of the office, to whom all 
correspondence should be addressed. Prof. 
Popenoe, will, by virtue of this arrangement, 
edit and supervise the publication and dis- 
tribution of Vol. VI of the Society’s Trans- 
actions, the same being the proceedings of 
the recent meeting held in Austin, Texas. 
Taxing Fertilizers. 
An effort is being made to have Sulphate 
of Potash placed on the free list by induc- 
ing farmers and others to petition their 
representatives in Congress to that effect. 
It is feared that the present designation 
“crude and unrefined” may lead to contro- 
versies with over-zealous Treasury officials. 
It is said that the refined Sulphate of Potash 
for medicinal purposes manufactured in 
this country (in spite of a protective duty 
of about 10 cents per pound on an article 
worth 50 cents per pound) does not amount 
to more than a few hundred pounds per 
week, which does not pay the cost of col- 
lecting the duty. The consumption of this 
article is so small that it does not pay the 
chemical manufacturers to produce it on a 
small scale, whereas on the other hand, the 
farmer and fruitgrower should receive the 
benefit of a free importation of a pure and 
high grade salt for fertilizing purposes. It 
is the interest of the fertilizer men to push 
this to success and we think the removal of 
the duty would be a benefit to the farmer 
and horticulturist in general, and would be 
appreciated. 
A new insect enemy of the elm is report- 
ed as appearing in increasing numbers year- 
ly in Newark, N. J., where the terminal 
twigs of many of the elm trees there are 
said to be dying from this insect’s attacks 
It has evidently been imported from Europe. 
The adult is a large white moth with blue- 
black spots, and is known to English collec- 
tors as the Leopard moth. 
Those who order other papers through us 
should make their complaints direct to said 
papers and not to Orchard and Garden. 
We receive and forward the subscription; 
there our responsibility ceases. 
American pomology sustains a serious 
loss in the death of Mr. Charles Gibb, which 
occurred at Cairo, Egypt, on March 8th. 
Mr. Gibb was well known among porno'o- 
gists and horticulturists as an ardent fruit 
grower and the author of numerous valu- 
able papers, and at his home at Abbotts- 
ford, Quebec, he experimented largely with 
desirable varieties of Russian fruit in addi- 
tion to various trees and shrubs of all kinds. 
It will be remembered that Mr. Gibb was 
the companion of Professor Budd in their 
visit to Russia l'esulting in the introduction 
to this country of many valuable Russian 
fruits. Mr. Gibb was on his return home 
from a tour through China, Japan and In- 
dia, in the interest of fruit culture, when 
he met his death in Egypt. He was born 
in Montreal in 1 845. 
Spray Your Fruit Trees. A $72 Prize. 
No one now doubts that spraying fruit 
trees will pay and no one who has once done 
it will neglect to do so hereafter. It is es- 
timated that about 75 per cent of what would 
otherwise be wormy and unmarketable 
fruit can be saved by properly spraying the 
trees and that the cost wall not exceed 
from two to three cents per tree. With 
this assurance a man would be unwise to 
neglect such a profitable operation. A 
month or two ago we spoke of some of the 
best pumps for this purpose and called at- 
tention to the advert isements in our columns. 
Mr. P. C. Lewis, manufacturer of the Lew- 
is Combination Force Pump offers a prize 
which he says is worth $72, to the party who 
can show the best results from spraying 
their trees the coming season, using one of 
his spraying outfits, which he offers to send 
complete (the pump makes three complete 
machines of brass) for $5.50, express paid, 
with his pamphlet on “Our insect foes and 
how to destroy them.” This pump is one 
of the best made for the money and is en- 
dorsed by leading entomologists and horti- 
culturists. Anyone who has a dozen trees 
can enter this contest. For particulars, etc., 
address P. C. Lewis, Catskill, N. Y. 
Our Book Table. 
Fruits and How to Use Them: a practical Manual 
for Housekeepers, containing nearly TOO recipes for the 
wholesome preparation of Foreign and Domestic Fruits. 
By Mrs. Hestt-r M. Poole. 12 mo, pp. 212, cloth. Price 
$1.00. Fowler k Wells Co., Publishers, 775 Broadway, 
New York. This is a neat and compact volume telling 
how to put fruit on the table and how to prepare it in 
various forms, baked, stewed, canned, jellies, preserv- 
ing, etc; also how to make pudding, pies, sauces, ice- 
cream, etc. Fruit of all sorts is treated of even to the 
puckery persimmon. 
Catalogues Received. 
Rochester Plow Co., Rochester, N. Y. Catalogue 
and Price-list of the Rochester Gang Plows. The ser- 
ies of Wheel-walking plows made by this Company is 
unequalled, and they offer all sizes and styles. Also 
Chilled and Steel Single Plows, Wheelbarrow Grass 
Seeders, etc. It is sent free upon application. 
