July, 1890. 
131 
■ '• fc-?j 
ORCHARD 
GARDEN 
stripes on a yellow ground. This and Lin- 
coln seem to be hardy in northern Illinois. 
Shirk from Indiana, is sweet and high col- 
ored; an excellent autumn sweet apple, and 
hangs well on the tree. Peffer is a seedling 
of Pewaukee but is hardier than its parent. 
Lacon is promising and is probably suffi- 
ciently hardy for the Northwest. Ivan hoe 
is a long keeper but of very inferior qual- 
ity. Pullman is evidently the Red Canada 
under another name. The Windsor, from 
Wisconsin, is of good quality and medium 
size. 
But few grapes were noticed. The Lyon, 
from Michigan and named after the distin- 
guished pomologist, was said to be a vigor- 
ous grower with fruit of fiJI^quality. Cole- 
rain is larger in both bunch and berry than 
Martha. Mr. Campbell said it is aLabrusca 
and that the quality is good. Woodruff 
Red is a very vigorous grower and exceed- 
ingly productive. A vei y profitable market 
sort but devoid of fine quality. Green 
Mountain is a good grower, productive and 
early; promising. Mr. Van Deman spoke 
encouragingly of nut culture and thought 
there was a great future for it. He consid- 
ered Paragon the best chestnut, all things 
considered, and he believes our native chest- 
nuts to be superior to any of the European 
or Asiatic varieties. The Paragon shows 
no indication of foreign blood; it bears 
abundantly at an early age but is not of as 
fine quality as some of the native sorts. 
Numbo is very large but is a foreign variety 
and of poor quality. 
The Crandall Currant is a good thing. It 
is very large, a variety of the Missouri cur- 
rant and is not subject to the attacks of the 
currant-worm. 
Mr. Van Deman also gave some informa- 
tion regarding the work done by the De- 
partment in the introduction of. 
TROPICAL FRUITS. 
The lemons that have been heretofore 
grown in this country have been unsalable 
from the bitterness of their skins, but now 
varieties having sweet rinds have been in- 
troduced and are being successfully grown 
in many parts of Florida and California. 
The Citron new used in this country is 
all imported from foreign countries, chiefly 
from the Mediterranian regions, but it can 
be successfully grown in some parts of 
Sou t ham California and Florida. Budded 
trees of the best foreign varieties have 
therefore been introduced and it is expected 
that we shall soon be able to grow all the 
citron needed. Choice varieties of cocoanuts 
have been introduced along the sea-coast in 
the extreme south of Florida. Also choice 
varieties of mangoes have been obtained 
from the East Indies and planted in Florida. 
Mr. J. H. Hale addressed the meeting on 
GROWING PEACHES 
at the North. His home is in central Con- 
necticut and he planted his peach trees from 
Tennessee pits, on the high lands and steep 
lidges of the surrounding hills. He gave 
thorough cultivation and applied no other 
manure than commercial fertilizers, potash 
and bone-dust chiefly. The trees are prun- 
ed severely and the fruit thoroughly thinned. 
In harvesting, the peaches are assorted and 
carefully graded. His crop last year amount- 
ed to 17,000 baskets which brought $25,000 
for the entire crop. 
Prof. Bailey of Cornell University address- 
ed the meeting on the subject of 
ROOT GRAFTING 
and made comparisons between piece-root 
grafting as generally practiced by nursery- 
men and the use of whole roots, There are 
disadvantages attending piece-root grafting 
such as the irregular growth of the roots, 
sometimes all on one side, and often an ab- 
sence of fine roots. His remarks were il- 
lustrated by photographs and the conclusion 
reached by the speaker was that trees so 
grafted were not so desirable as those that 
are crown-grafted. This topic drew out 
considerable discussion, western nursery- 
men generally favoring piece-roots for the 
reason that trees upon them do not make 
such a rank growth as upon whole roots 
and hence mature their wood and do not 
winterkill. The subject of 
DIGGING AND SHIPPING STOCK TOO EARLY IN 
THE FALL 
was handled by Mr. Meissner of Bushberg, 
Mo., who said that such an injurious prac- 
tice should be discouraged and discoun- 
tenanced at every opportunity, it being 
highly prejudicial to the best interests of 
both nurseryman and planter. A resolu- 
tion to this effect was introduced and 
adopted. 
Mr. N. H. Albaugli of Ohio made a mo- 
tion that the name of the Association be 
changed so as to embrace fruit growers, in- 
asmuch as the interests of nurserymen and 
fruit growers were so nearly identical. This 
led to much discussion and it was finally 
referred to a committee for report. 
Mr. Geo. W. Campbell read a paper on 
“Grapes as Affected by Climate and Situa- 
tion” showing that success in grape grow- 
ing requires that varieties should be select- 
ed that are specially adapted to the locality 
where they are grown, and that because a 
grape does not succeed in one section, it is 
by no means .certain that it may not be both 
valuable and successful in another to which 
it is fitted naturally. 
Prof. Thomas Meehan of Philadelphia, 
addressed the meeting on the subject “Do 
we Live and Learn?” reaching the conclu- 
sion that we do not, in view of many of our 
present practices. He spoke of the practice 
of cutting back the tops of trees, under the 
impression that the roots having less to 
support, the trees would make a more vigor- 
ous growth, as an instance of non-progress 
in horticultural science. It is an erroneous 
idea, the Professor said, for the vitality of 
the tree is lowered by the shock received 
from a severe pruning, and the vigorous 
after growth is not caused by the cutting 
back but is due to the nourishment already 
stored away in the trunk of the tree. 
THE CAUSE OF LOW PRICES FOR NURSERY 
STOCK 
by Hon. S. M. Emery of Minn., was a paper 
which concerned nurserymen alone and 
dealt principally with the evils of the agent 
system of selling, and the competition of 
temporary and irresponsible dealers. His 
remarks were timely and vigorous and 
showed a perfect knowledge of the subject. 
Mr. G. J. Carpenter of Nebraska talked 
to the members about “Advertising; How 
can it best be done,” and Mr. J. T. Lovett 
of New Jersey explained hissysten of mail- 
ing Catalogues and arranging names and 
addresses thus answering the question as to 
“How can we best prevent duplicates in our 
mailing list?” 
The humorous address of the meeting was 
that of Mr. J. Jenkins of Ohio, who read an 
essay on 
BUGS THAT BOTHER BOTANICAL BUCCANEERS. 
Although he earnestly disclaimed being in 
any sense funny his paper proved very 
much so, being really a ridiculous travesty 
on scientific entomological reports. “Trans- 
planting Evergreens” was presented by Mr. 
Kelsey of New York and led to a discussion 
thereupon. There was some talk concerning 
plant registration but no action of a definite 
nature was taken in regard to it. An ex- 
ceedingly intricate system of classification 
was suggested but it proved too bewildering 
for the members and met with no approval. 
Mr. Albaugh of Ohio read a poem entitled 
“The Old and the New,” which received 
much applause. A paper on 
HARDY PERENNIALS IN NURSERY CATALOGUES 
was read by Mr. J. W. Manning of Mass. 
It was thought that this class of plants 
should be more generally catalogued by 
nurserymen in view of their value and 
desirability. 
The Chief of Foresty, Mr. B. E. Fernow 
of Washington, read an essay on “The re- 
lation of Nurserymen to the Foresty Ques- 
tion” which evoked much discussion, many 
of the members evidently being not at all 
in harmony with all the ideas advanced. 
Mr. S. C. Moon of Pennsylvania intro- 
duced the subject of “Chestnut Culture” 
which was discussed by the meeting. 
A resolution was offered by Prof. Bailey 
that Congress put apart for the use of the 
Pomologist, $5,000 of the $100,000 appropri- 
ated to Forestry. 
Mr. J. D. Reynolds of Chicago, 111., was 
unanimously endorsed by the Association, 
as Horticultural Commissioner to the 
World’s Fair. 
The officers elected for the ensuing year 
are: President , S. M. Emery of Lake City, 
Minn. ; Vice President, J. VanLindJey, Pomo- 
na, N. C. ; Secretary, Chas. A. Green, Ro- 
chester, N. Y.: Treasurer, A. R. Whitney, 
Franklin Grove, III.; Executive Committee, 
Irving Rouse of Rochester, N. Y., W. R. 
Peters of Troy, Ohio, and Franklin Davis 
of Baltimore, Md. The place of meeting in 
1891 will be St. Paul or Minneapolis, as may 
be decided by the Executive Committee. 
Space does not permit us to give here 
much more than a mere mention of the 
proceedings but we hope to publish from 
time to time, some of the valuable remarks 
there presented. 
