August, 1890. 
147 
ORCHARD jflil GARDEN 
I ever saw. It has been in the hands of ex- 
perimenters since 1885, and thus far I have 
heard no complaint of its being tender. It 
is clearly evident from the fruit, wood and 
leaves, that it belongs strictly to the species 
P. Americana , and I have no hesitation in 
recommending it to public attention and 
hope it may be thoroughly tested all over 
the country. It is possible that it may not 
endure the winters of some of the extreme 
Northern States, but it certainly thrives as 
far north as southern Minnesota and Mass- 
achusetts.” The Hawkeye is late, ripening 
about six weeks after the ordinary plum 
season. 
memoranda Tor August. 
The work this month will not be so urgent 
as it has been but it will be necessary to 
go over the vineyard and see if there are 
not some shoots that need tying up, or 
canes that have broken down and suckers 
to be taken off. Keep the ground free from 
weeds. Young vines, layers, cuttings and 
grafts must be well cultivated. Young 
plants suffer more from neglect than older 
ones and should therefore receive the first 
attention and care. 
This is a good time to try one’s hand at 
grape budding. To do it with success take 
a strong cane, cut a bud with wood about 
one inch long, the bud being in the centre. 
Split off the back through the pith and cut 
it smooth and level. Now take a cane to be 
budded, about of the same same size, and 
cut out a bud down to the pith level and 
smooth in dove tail form and insert the bud 
so that the cane will spring the bud tight, 
then tie with soft yarn and cover it in the 
moist soil. If the work is well done the 
bud will unite in a short time. This style 
of budding is done upon the principleof in- 
arching without the necessity of having 
both stocks together. The moist earth pre- 
serves the bud until it unites. 
The early grapes w ill now begin to ripen 
and should be attended to in due season and 
marketed promptly, but not until fully ripe. 
This haste to be first in market in order to 
get a high price is a p or policy in the end, 
for the public taste becomes so nauseated 
with poor, sour grapes that fhey seldom 
buy even good grapes when they come to 
market. Some varieties like the Hartford 
and Janesville are never palatable and should 
not be cultivated whilst we have so many 
better sorts. The Ives, which is a good 
wine grape when ripe, colors early and is 
generally sent to market in that condition, 
so sour that no person will ever knowingly 
buy it the second time. Every vineyardist 
should grow the best varieties and should 
aim to grow them in the best manner and 
send them to market in the best condition. 
It costs but little more at the start to get the 
best and the expense of growing each are 
the same, so that there is no profit in grow- 
ing poor sorts. 
In locations where grape rot is pre- 
valent it is almost impossible to grow the 
Concord, and many of its seedlings, with 
success, unless i he disease is prevented by 
cutting the viues off or by the use of the 
copper solution. In such places at least, 
we will have to resort to rot-proof pedigree 
grapes of which we have a number. Of 
this class the Jewel stands at the head of 
the list as the best early black grape of high 
quality. It stands in the same relation to 
black grapes that the Delaware does to red 
grapes, and is much superior to it as a wine 
grape. The Paragon is another of the same 
class, larger in bunch and berry, ripens 
about with Concord, and is of a higher 
quality. Cynthiana and Norton are of the 
same class, but later and smaller in berry; 
they are grapes of good quality, and the 
best for wine. Herman, one of the very 
best for w bite wine, is another of these, but 
is very late and cannot be grown very far 
north of this latitude. We have a number 
of others to mention hereafter of the highest 
quality, of the same class, so we have no 
reason for growing poor grapes. — J. Stay- 
man. 
Grapes for Family tJse. 
Mr. E. Williams, the veteran grape grow- 
er, names, in Garden and Forest, the follow- 
ing as the best varieties of grapes for fam- 
ily use to plant in the vicinity of Plain- 
field, N. J. 
For early black grapes, in the order of 
ripening, Moore’s Early, Cottage, Worden 
and Concord. These are all hardy, vigor- 
ous growers and likely to succeed anywhere 
in the State. The first named is not quite 
as productive as the others but its earliness 
compensates for any deficiency in that re- 
spect. The quality is very much like that of 
Concord, while the Worden is the largest 
and best of them. For later black grapes 
the follow ing are named in the order of the 
estimation in which they are held by Mr. 
Williams:Wilder,Barry,Herbert,Aminiaand 
Merrimao. These are all first-class in size, 
thick-skinned, meaty, and of richer quality 
than the preceding and better keepers. 
For red grapes Brighton, Delaware, land- 
ley, Agawam and Berckmans are named. 
Of these, Delaware and Berckmans are 
among grapes what the Seckel and D ina’s 
Hovey are among pears, small and net vig- 
orous growers, but of first quality. The 
strongest grower is Agawam, a thick-skin- 
ned, aromatic, musky -flavored grape, much 
admired by some and equally disliked bv 
others. It is liable to set poorly, and (he 
Lindley, equal to any in quality, has the 
same defect. The Brighton, never fails to 
satisfy the most exacting taste, even if not 
fully ripe. 
For white grapes, Lady and Marti’- 
named first, because of their earlii 
latter is the more vigorous gr< 
the former has the larger her 
in quality, but it wastes 
ripening, often before, 
both are small. Fr' 
Niagara, a larger and far better grape in 
every respect. Pocklington, so highly prais- 
ed in some sections, is a failure in every 
way with Mr. Williams. Empire State and 
Duchess, while of better quality than Niag- 
ara, have berries only half as large and 
are so uncertain that they are only recom- 
mended as an experiment. Lady Washing- 
ton makes a fine cluster, but it is too late to 
be depended upon in that latitude. Moore’s 
Diamond and Hayes are as yet new — that is 
they have not been cultivated long enough 
to make their good and bad qualities ap- 
parent. 
The New Jersey State Agricultural Soci- 
ety, two years ago, balloting for the best 
three grapes for general use, one of each 
color, decided in favor of the Brighton, red; 
Worden, black; and Niagara, while; and 
few grape growers in the State would to- 
day make any alteration in the list. The 
amateur who demands grapes of the high- 
est quality, though fewer of them, and is 
willing to take extra pains to obtain them, 
might need another list embracing the best 
of those named above and a few not men- 
tioned here; but for the great majority of 
the people the list will give entire satisfac- 
tion and all the varieties can be grown with 
ordinary care. 
Black-rot attacked my grapes first April 
14, with a second attack about May 20. The 
season generally was wet. As a preventive 
I employed sulphate of copper in simple 
solution— 1 lb. to 25 gallons of water — ap- 
plying it with a common watering pot, 
once on April 20. I believe this application 
checked the spread of tne disease to a certain 
extent ; another application might have 
saved my grapes. The appearance of Black- 
lot in each instance was preceded by heavy 
rains, not only thoroughly saturating the 
ground but causing an excessive quantity 
of water to stand about the roots of the 
vines checking their growth — enfeebling 
their vitality and rendering them liable to 
an attack of the Black-rot. Under-draining 
is the only safe remedy in my opinion. — 
J. F. Lyendecker, Colorado Co., Texas. 
Black-rot attacked my grapes about May 
10, and, so far as I noticed, there wa° 
this period of attack. The r 
weather conditions during the r 
son were wet and hot, co 
heavy dews I employ 
mixture — 6 lbs. sul. < 
gallons water, ap r 
and June 1. I 
much aflei 
yard, wK 
mostl 
vr 
f h 
- />G 
"U/, 
tbr* 
tl 
