180 
October, 1890. 
ORCHARD GPiRDEN \ 
©RCHARD^ARDEN 
AX ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY JOUR- 
NAL OF HORTICULTURE. 
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Orchard, vineyard, Fruit, Vegetable and 
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LITTLE SILVER, N. J., OCT., 1890. 
CONTENTS. 
Berry Patch. The Middlefleld Strawberry— The 
Autumn Setting of Small Fruits 176, 177 
Biographical. Parker Earle 181 
Catalogues Received 181 
Clubbing List 175 
Flower Garden. New Evening Primrose— Hya- 
cinths— Abutilon— FloralNotes— AinateurHorti- 
cultural Societies— Little Gem Feverfew. 173,174, 175 
Fungi. Leaf-spot Disease of the Plum and Cherry 
—Fungus Diseases of Grape Vines 183 
Horticultural Fairs and Exhibitions 181 
Household. U. S. Mail— October — Co-operative 
Housekeeping — A Warm Dressing Room — 
Flower Pot Covers— The Value of Milk — Pickles 
and Pickling— Quinces— Cement for Broken 
Earthenware— Seasonable Recipes 184, 185, 186 
Insects. Currant Insects— The Red Spider 178 
Orchard. October — The Transparent Family- 
Woolly Leaved Apples— Leaves and Fruit— Rus- 
sian Plums— The Apple Crop— The Peach Or- 
chard— A Good Tree Label 178, 179 
Vegetable Garden. October Operations — Au- 
tumn Sown Cabbage Plants— Growing Cauli- 
flowers and Lettuces in Cold Frames— Fruiting 
Tomatoes Under Glass— Spinach for Winter Use 
—Treatment of Celery— Late Cabbage in the 
South— Late Potatoes a Success 182 
Vineyard. Notes on October Work— Pruning Vines 
in Autumn 184 
Don't let your subscription expire but renew 
promptly that your files may be kept perfect. 
No back numbers are supplied, hence a num- 
ber missed is a number lost. 
Pomologist Van Deman has succeeded in 
importing safely sixty-tliree young date 
trees directly from the upper and lower Nile 
and which are to be experimented with in 
southern California to determine the adapt- 
ability of Californian soil and climate to 
the date as a horticultural product. They 
are the true date palms of commerce and 
the trees are about four years old, fine 
healthy plants, transported in boxes of soil. 
Hardy Varieties. 
At the present day there are few growers 
who are willing to give winter protection. 
In their search for varieties they declare 
that hardiness is an indispensable requisite 
and insist upon it. And especially is this 
the case with small fruits. Varieties of 
raspberries, blackberries and grapes are 
chosen with reference to their ability to 
stand out unprotected. And yet it is very 
doubtful if there really is such a thing as a 
“ perfectly hardy” raspberry or blackberry 
in existence. Some winters and certain 
conditions will cause even the Turner rasp- 
berry and Stone's Hardy blackberry to win- 
terkill, and that badly. Raspberries are 
naturally hardier than blackberries, but it 
is extremely difficult to assert truthfully 
the ironclad hardiness of any of them. 
But is not the mere merit of hardiness 
made too prominent, to the exclusion of 
other equally desirable qualities ? It surely 
is a poor variety whose sole recommenda- 
tion is its hardiness. At the North and in 
the Northwestern States so-called hardy 
varieties cannot be depended upon and 
there is no help for it but to lay down the 
canes and cover with earth to ensure abso- 
lute safety ; but in milder latitudes there 
are good varieties of sufficient hardiness to 
endure the winters, generally uninjured 
without protection, although sometimes 
they are badly nipped. Many choice varie- 
ties, however, have been dropped because 
of their inability to stand our w inters and 
we have substituted for undoubted tender 
sorts those of uncertain hardiness. It has 
seemed to us that the canes protected in 
this way bore larger crops and better fruit 
but we cannot assert it positively. It is 
also much better to trim grape vines in the 
fall, cut loose from the trellis, and pin them 
to the ground with a shovelful of soil. The 
extra work is not much. Mr. Geo. W, 
Campbell, of Ohio, who should know some' 
thing about this, stated once at a pomolog- 
ical meeting that he considered his own 
labor and that of his hired help, in fall 
pruning and laying down his grape vines, 
paid him a hundred dollars a day, and that 
he laid down even his hardy Concords. 
The Horticultural Shows. 
The man is wise who takes time to attend 
the fall meetings. As a rule the attendance 
this year has been very good and it would 
seem that the advantages to be derived from 
these meetings and exhibitions are becom- 
ing apparent to the average fruit grower. 
To produce satisfactory and paying crops 
now-a-days it is necessary for him to be 
fully abreast of the times and to be equipped 
with all the knowledge which observation 
and teaching can give him. The draw- 
backs to successful commercial gardening 
are now such that only by the application 
of new and advanced methods can they be 
overcome. The horticultural societies and 
Experiment Stations will give him these 
and if he is a wise man he will avail him 
self of them. 
California Fruit in Market. 
California fruit has been brought into 
prominence this season by the scarcity of 
fruit at the East, and its quality has never 
been finer, or, at least, it appears so from 
the unusual attention we are now obliged 
to give it. Perhaps we have never before 
realized how fine this California fruit is 
when properly put up. It will be apt to 
make our people look for better things in 
the future from our fruit-growers, and to 
be more fastidious as to the quality of the 
fruit supplied them. At the same time we 
may reasonably hope that they will willingly 
pay an adequate price for first-class grades 
of fruit, since high prices have been paid 
without quibble this season, and the fine 
grades of California fruit offered have been 
quickly taken at the prices asked. There is 
always a demand for fruit of the best qual- 
ity, no matter how plentiful may be the 
supply of ordinary grades. Now that our 
people have become familiar with the 
splendid fruit of California they will be less 
disposed than ever to put up with that 
which is inferior. Fruit-growers should 
take the hint and increase the quality of 
their products, even if they have to decrease 
their acreage to do it. 
Well-Ripened Wood. 
One of the many causes to which has 
been attributed the 1 'yellows” in the peach 
is that of cold acting upon the succulent, 
immature shoots in the fall, and it has been 
noted that the slow growing varieties are 
very much more exempt from the disease 
than the luxuriant and vigorous growing 
sorts. Be that as it may, it is well known 
that it is essential to a healthy condition of 
plant that its season’s growth of wood should 
mature fully and completely. Mr. Wm. 
Saunders, of Washington, D. C., Superin- 
tendent of Gardens, advises the cultivator, 
as far as possible, to modify the conditions 
which encourage late growths, as well as 
lessen the evil effects which result from 
frosted growths. Trees set in constantly 
damp or very rich soil, says he, will have 
their growing season prolonged beyond 
those planted in dry or poor soils, hence 
where the season for active growth is com- 
paratively short, the soil should be well 
drained and manures sparingly applied, and 
only in spring. In such cases stimulating 
culture should not be prolonged through 
late summer, and even should weeds appear 
they should be mowed over with a scythe 
rather than disturb the soil by cultivator 
or plough. Plants that have been injured 
by the freezing of unripened growths, 
should have the injured shoots removed, 
pruning them back to sound wood. If this 
is performed in time the plant may escape 
further injury. 
The Idaho pear is about to be sent out 
this fall by a southern nursery as the 
Mullkey, the name of the originator, and 
by whose name it is said to have been known 
before it was called the Idaho. 
Our Clubbing List. 
Subscribers can save themselves both time, 
trouble and expense by ordering through 
us the periodicals mentioned in this list on 
another page. The rates on each are lower 
than can be obtained on each separately, 
and one letter and remittance to us will 
save several to the different publishers. 
The State Fair at Waverly, N. J. 
In the building devoted to horticulture — 
was a very fine exhibit of flowers, fruits, 
and vegetables. There were some very tine 
collections of Palms, Crotons, Dracemes, 
Fancy Caladiums and Ferns, also some 
