194 
November, 1890. 
ORCHARD / mini O A R D E N \ 
Young vines and layers should now be 
taken up and stored away from frost, ready 
for transplanting or for sale. Vineyards 
may still be set out until hard freezing 
weather. In planting out vines now it is 
necessary to throw a little mound of earth 
over them for protection, and remove it in 
the spring. There is much difference of 
opinion as to how far apart each way grape 
vines should be set. We prefer, for all 
varieties like Delaware and Lady in growth, 
to set them 6 feet by 6, and strong growing 
sorts like Concord, 6 by 8 feet, or 8 by 8 
feet. The best Concord vineyards that we 
have ever seen were set 8 feet apart, and 
the rows 6 feet apart. We have seen no 
difference whatever as to which way the 
rows run. 
Cuttings of all varieties, hardy or other- 
wise, for propagation or grafts, should be 
cut now. tied into bundles of about 150, 
and stored away in some damp soil or saw- 
dust. If for out-door growing, they should 
be cut in lengths of about six or seven 
inches, but for house propogation cut them 
about two feet long, and then, when wanted, 
cut to single buds. Those for grafting 
should be cut from seven to nine inches 
long, of good, solid, well-matured growth, 
not less than a lead pencil in thickness, if 
possible. Some prefer doing all their 
pruning in the fall ; we rather prefer early 
spring pruning for all hardy kinds, but fall 
pruning for hybrids and those likely to be 
injured. These tender varieties should be 
laid down and the ends slightly covered. 
In cold sections they can be covered with 
earth, but here, in Kansas, it is not safe to 
cover any variety all over with earth, as 
the weather often gets too warm, and the 
buds swell and rot. They should be covered 
with some rubbish, or laid on the ground, 
and the ends covered to keep them down. 
It is not necessary to cover the old stocks, 
but simply protect the bearing canes, as the 
stocks will stand degrees of cold that would 
kill the buds. — J. Stayman. 
New Seedling Grapes. 
We have just returned from a visit to Mr. 
John Burr's place at Leavenworth, Kans., 
to see his seedling grapes, which surpass 
any purely native seedlings that we have 
ever seen. 
His Jewel, which was the first to ripen in 
July, w as still hanging on the vines on the 
20th of September in perfect condition, and 
fully equal to the Delaware in quality. 
The Ideal is the most delicious red grape we 
have ever tasted. Bunch and berry are 
very nearly, if not altogether, as large as 
Concord. It is a strong, hardy, healthy 
giow er. and very productive. It is better in 
quality than the Delaware or Brighton. It is 
as pure as a European grape and is a seed- 
ling of Delaware. Ilis Paragon is without 
doubt the best hardy black grape known. 
We have it with others by our side, while 
writing this, for comparison. It is fully as. 
as large in bunch as the Concord, more 
compact, and larger in berry ; about ten 
days later in ripening. It is juicy, vinous, 
and sprightly, of the very best quality, and 
without a trace of foxiness. A strong, 
healthy grower, free from rot or mildew. 
It is a very valuable grape for table, wine, 
or market. Eclipse is a white grape, and 
considered of higher quality than either of 
the above. The berry is fully as large as 
Niagara or Moore's Diamond, and of very 
much better quality. The bunch is as large 
as Concord, but not quite so compact. It is 
a very vigorous grower, and as delicate and 
pure as any European grape. Standard 
is a black grape of about the same size 
in bunch and berry as the Concord, and 
ripens about the same time, but it is much 
better in quality. It makes a white wine 
which, to my taste, is equal to Catawba, if 
not better. It is a hardy, strong grower, 
and appears healthy. 
Mr. Burr has a number of other seedlings 
not yet named, of extra quality, It is a 
wonder to every one who visits his place how 
he has obtained so many pure native seed- 
lings of such large size and high quality 
with so few poor grapes. They are neither 
crosses nor hybrids of European blood, yet 
mary are as pure as if they really were. 
It demonstrates the fact that where native 
grapes are grow n under high cnltivation in 
a congenial place, free from all inferior 
varieties, the seedlings of those make vast 
improvement, and when this is not the case 
the reverse is likely to be true. 
We also visited Stayman and Black’s 
place, to see their new varieties. Their 
White Beauty is a most superb grape, rip- 
ening about with the last of Concords this 
season. Bunch large, compact, often 
shouldered ; being about the size of Ives, 
skin firm, pulp tender, juicy, vinous, of 
very fine quality, free from foxiness ; will 
hang on the vines long after ripe without 
bursting or dropping — a very fine, rich 
grape, free from rot or mildew , vine 
vigorous, hardy, and healthy. White Im- 
perial is identical in growth and vine with 
White Beauty ; the bunch as large, but the 
berry smaller, and ripens with Moore's 
Early, but will hang on the vine as long as 
the other, and is considered of better quality 
by many. Leavenworth is the best white 
grape of the pure Labrusca type that we 
have yet seen, about as early as Moore’s 
Early, with a bunch and berry like Concord; 
a grape that pleases the taste of every one. 
Ozark is a wonder among black grapes, the 
strongest and most rampant grower we have 
ever seen, with heavy foliage, very hardy 
and productive, of the Norton type. The 
bunch and berry are very nearly as large 
as Concord ; about the same time as Her- 
man, and hangs on the vine until after frost. 
This is a very valuable late market grape, 
free from foxiness ; never drops from the 
vine, and as free from rot and mildew as 
Norton. Eureka is simply a monstrous / 
Delaware, and fully equal to it in quality. 
Perfection is a large red grape, unsurpassed 
in quality and beauty. They have a number 
of others not yet named, one a very late, 
white grape, and another a very Jate, black 
grape, both healthy and promising. Their 
Jewel grapes were done, yet we found a 
few bunches still hanging on the vines in 
perfect condition, and as good as the best. 
None of the above seedling grapes but Jew- 
el are yet on the market — J. Stayman. 
Grafting Vines to Other Sorts. 
A subscriber who has six hundred each 
of Missouri Riesling and Elvira grape vines 
asks the following questions: “Would it be 
safe to graft them with Early Victor, Brigh- 
ton, or Perkins? Would the grafting of an 
early variety on a late one change the ripen- 
ing season of the latter? Is the Early Vic- 
tor a profitable market grape: how does it 
compare with Concord in growth and pro- 
duction? 
It would be safe and successful to graft 
those varieties or any others if done in early 
spring as we described in the March number 
of Orchard & Garden. We would not 
advise you to graft them with Perkins as it 
is of no value. The Brighton is a good 
grape but too tender and uncertain in Kan- 
sas. The Early Victor is a strong grower, 
productive and a good market grape, ripens 
about with Moore’s Early. It is fully as 
strong, hardy and productive as Concord. 
It does not change the season of ripening 
the least in grafting an early variety on a 
late one; neither doesit make any difference 
whether the stock is hardy or not; neither 
does it make any difference if the stock is 
subject to rot for we have grafted on all kinds 
of stocks, tender, hardy, subject to rot and 
wild, and find no difference, if the stocks 
are vigorous and apparently healthy. We 
have at the present time as strong, healthy 
vines as any, grafted on Catawba and Is- 
abella twenty years ago, neither of which 
succeed here. 
The stocks named by our friend are too 
valuable to be dug up when they can be so 
easily changed to better kinds. But be sure 
that they are grafted to better varieties. — J. 
Stayman. 
Keeping Grapes. 
In order to keep grapes perfectly it is 
essential that they be thoroughly ripened 
when picked and perfectly dry when packed 
away. All imperfect berries should be cut 
out with a pair of sharp scissors and the 
bunches handled as little as possible. There 
are various ways of packing the grapes so 
as to keep them for considerable time in 
good condition. Some people put them in 
boxes with layers of clean cotton between 
each layer of grapes, others use simply 
common brown paper, Out all agree that 
the boxes containing the grapes must be 
kept in a cold and dry atmosphere, and that 
packing material and all connected with 
them must be perfectly dry when put up. 
