10 
January, 1891. 
/ ORCH RRD'/.Kn - ORR DEN \ 
©RCHARD^(§ ARDEN 
AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY JOUR- 
NAL OF HORTICULTURE. 
Devoted exclusively to the Interest of the American 
Orchard, Vineyard, Fruit, Vegetable and 
Flower Garden. 
Progressive ! Reliable ! Practical ! Scientific ! 
Subscription Price, 50 Cents per Annum 
Five Yearlt Subscriptions for $2.00. 
Entered at the Post Office at Little Silver as second class 
matter. 
H. G. Cornet, Editor. 
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LITTLE SILVER, N. J.. JAN., 1891. 
CONTENTS. 
Berry Patch. Talks of the Season— Gooseberries 
for the Garden— Notes on Strawberries in Wis- 
consin— The Crandall Currant 14. 15 
Biographical. John Burr 11 
Book Table 11 
Cata logues Received 11 
Clubbing list 13 
Flower Garden. Venus’s Fly-trap— Floral Notes.4, 5 
FUNGI. Leaf-spot of Screw Palm— Leaf-spot of the 
India-Rubber Tree 6, 7 
Household. New Years Greeting— Light, More 
Light— Children’s Shoes— In Case of Illness— 
For the Sick— Economical Housekeeping— cure 
Water— To Make Orange Marmalade— Ginger- 
bread Snaps ... 16, 17 
Insects. Blackberry Galls— Clothes’ Moths 5, 6 
Lawn. Turkey’s Beard— Azalea Mollis— The Clem- 
atis— Hardy Grasses— Winter Protection 3 
Orchard. Winter Work in the Orchard - Propa- 
gation by Root Grafting— Methods of Planting 
— Location for Orchards— Taking up Nursery 
Trees— Variability of Fruits— The Sbiawassie 
Beauty— Root Grafting— The Downing Mul- 
berry 8, 9 
Vegetable Garden. Vegetable Notes for Janu- 
ary-Trustworthy Varieties— Manure in the 
Garden 12, 13 
Vineyard. January in the Vineyard— Difficulties 
in Grape-Growiug 15. 16 
A Happy New Year! 
— — 
The past is gone— The future is not come 
— The present, where is it? 
See our new Premium Offers on the first 
and second pages of this number. 
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time than to-day for renewing your sub- 
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stops promptly when subscription expires 
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Therefore renew promptly; don’t miss a sin- 
gle number. 
A Few Words with Our Readers. 
In entering upon another year Orchard 
and Garden takes occasion to thank its 
readers for the many kindly expressions of 
appreciation and approval bestowed upon 
it by them. Be assured we shall not relax 
our efforts to please and instruct but con- 
tinue to publish the thoughts of the best 
horticultural writers in the country. That 
our readers are pleased with what we have 
done in the past, we have abundant evidence, 
and it encourages us to know it. We hope 
our readers, however, will give force to 
their opinions by urging those of their 
friends who are not already subsciibers, to 
become so as soon as possible. We are 
making efforts to largely increase our cir- 
culation, which w’ill t hen enable us to carry 
out certain plans greatly to their interest. 
We ask our readers therefore to aid us, 
which they can readily do, by bringing Or- 
chard and Garden to the notice of their 
friends and neighbors, and all with whom 
they come in contact, and then securing 
their subscriptions. Few will refuse to take 
such a journal at the low price of fifty cents 
a year. We wish our readers abundant 
prosperity through the new year upon which 
we have now’ entered, and sincerely hope it 
may bring them renewed success in their 
various lines of work. 
Observation and Experiment. 
The cultivation of habits of observation 
and experiment are essential features in the 
make up of a successful fruit-grower and it 
will be found that where these are lacking 
in a man he does not as a rule take any 
rank among progressive horticulturists. 
Indeed, such are very prominent among 
the traits that go far towards determining 
success or failure. To give prompt atten- 
tion to the little di tails constantly arising, 
trifling as they may seem, a man needs to 
be observant and watchful on all sides, and 
to make this practice of observation habit- 
ual. To do the right thing at the right 
time, needs the knowledge which is the 
result of experience in observing, and such 
experience is only valuable as it gives one 
the result of his observations. The fruit- 
grower may hear and read of certain 
experiments and results, but he can know 
to a certainty only bv observation of results 
on his own place. One of the best means 
of acquiring habits of observation is by 
taking notes and keeping a record of each 
days doings — a practice greatly to be com- 
mended — and from this record we can tell 
from general results whether we are ad- 
vancing or going backwards and so the 
better get upon the right road to success. 
— 
The Crescent type of Strawberries. 
It is questionable whether it pays any 
market grower to grow the Crescent and, 
on the whole, w r e are of the opinion that it 
might profitably he discarded It may not 
be possible to make many commercial grow- 
ers believe that there is no money in it, but 
the fact remains that a good deal more can 
be made from other varieties under the 
same expense. Unfortunately the very 
properties which commend it to the ma- 
jority of growers are those whUh make it 
objectionable. It almost everywhere and 
under almost any circumstances produces 
an abundant crop, and the amount of care 
and culture required are such as to have 
caused it to be well-named the “lazy man’s 
berry.” These are the inducements to its 
culture. The returns from it, however, for 
the past few years have not more than paid 
expenses — in many cases not as much. And 
what is worse yet. these indifferent berries 
are poured into the market in such quanti- 
ties— often in very bad older — that the 
markets are glutted and the price comes 
down all round. Even after the bulk of 
the crop is gone, the late pickings, miserably 
poor as they are, remain a hindrance to the 
sale of good berries through the greater part 
of the season. The amount of Crescent 
strawberries grown is immense and through- 
out the West, especially in Illinois and Ohio, 
are scattered plantations of vast extent, 
nearly all in Crescenis. Berries of this class 
are detrimental to good prices and their 
culture should not be encouraged. 
Extraordinary Potato Yields. 
A remarkable crop contest has recently 
terminated, for the prize of several hundred 
dollars, offered by the American Agricu - 
turist for the largest yield of potatoes on 
one exact acre. The crop to which was 
awarded first pi ize consisted of 974 bushels 
and 48 pounds, and was grown on one acre 
of land in Johnson County, Wyoming, the 
past season. The land W’as virgin soil, and 
no manure or fertilizer was applied, but it 
was rich in potash, and the copious irriga- 
tion was of water also rich in saline mate- 
rial. There were 22,800 hills on one acre, 
and 1,560 pounds of sets, containing one, 
two and three eyes, were planted of the 
Early Vermont and Manhattan varieties. 
The profit on the crop on this first prize 
acre was $714 exclusive of $500 in prizes. 
Another large crop was that of R. A. Chis- 
holm, of Del Norte, Colo., of 847^2 bushels 
on 1,000 pounds of fertilizer. The results 
of the contest are given in full in the 
December number of the American Agricul- 
turist, from which it appears that the 
average Western potato crop on virgin soil 
is hardly up to that under ordinary’ culture 
in the East, wdiile intelligent fertilization 
seems equally profitable in both sections It 
was e^ ident that crops w ere increased 50 or 
100 per cent, by the application of actually 
pure plant food at the rate of one pound to 
100 or 200 square feet of land. It was also 
clearly showu from results that fertilizers 
or chemical manures are superior to btable 
manure for potatoes. 
■ 
Nebraska State Horticultural Society. 
The winter meeting of this Society will 
be held at Lincoln, Nebraska, on January 
13, 14 and 15. 1891. Horticulturists are 
earnestly invited to attend and to bring a 
good exhibit of fruit with them. G. J. 
Carpenter, Secretary. 
