March, 1891. 
49 
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ORCHARD /SI GARDEN 
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4 Desiring to increase my stock of this variety, 
I sent an order to Ellwanger & Barry for a 
lot of them last fall ; but that honest firm 
replied that they had no stock of them, as 
they were scarcely called for. I got my 
cions of Shiawassee, first, from Secretary 
Garfield, and again from Prest. Lyon, of 
the Michigan Horticultural Society. I hope 
to bear (through Orchard and Garden), 
from others who are growing the variety, 
as to this matter of spotting. If it does 
spot, anywhere, as badly as Mr. Craig 
thinks, we ought all to know it.— T. H. 
Hoskins. < ^ | 
Mariana Plum Stock. 
We have received a specimen of an 
apricot worked upon the Mariana plum 
from Mr. F. G. Barker, President of the 
Golden Belt Alliance, No. 715, Salina, 
Kansas, who says : “After three years’ 
* growth they commenced to blow off, and 
20 per cent are now gone. 
“These trees were sent out by the Stark 
Nurser 3 r of Louisi- 
ana, Mo., and were 
said to be better 
than those grown 
onany other roots.” 
Mr. Barker tells us 
that the attention 
of Stark Brothers 
was called to the 
matter but it was 
ignored by them, 
and he asks, “Is 
this the usual re- 
sult obtained from 
working apricot 
upon plum” and Fig. 423. 
“Is there any way to save the remaining 
trees”? Dr. Stayman, of Kansas, to whom 
we sent a specimen, replies : 
“It is evident that the stock is not congen- 
ial to the apricot as it had never perfectly 
united. This difficulty often exists between 
the different species of the same genera, and 
sometimes between the different varieties of 
the same species. To overcome this diffi- 
culty the stocks have to be double-worked, 
that is, grafted or budded with congenial 
varieties that have proven to unite well, 
and then regrafted with the varieties 
desired. 
“This specimen shows conclusively that 
tne Mariana plum is not congenial to the 
apricot, as there is too much dissimilarity 
between the texture of the wood ; but 
while it will not do for the apricot, peach, 
and nectarine, it may do with some varieties 
of the plum, as we have successfully grafted 
it upon the wild native plum of the West, 
as well as the Chickasaw. There is no way 
to save such trees from destruction. The 
stocks, if they sprout up from the roots, 
may be grafted with other plums or double- 
worked with the apricot. We graft the 
plum just as we graft the grape, either in 
the ground or above, very early in the 
spring, before the buds swell. Cut the 
grafts short for top-grafting and wax the 
wound over. For root grafting use a long 
cion and no wax whatever.” 
Figure 423 shows the appearance of the 
specimen sent us. The faces of both at the 
edges were smooth, and they had never 
perfectly united. The point of junction 
may be seen in the centre, which had 
broken. 
Apples. 
An experience of sixty years in planting 
and caring for apple trees has afforded me 
strong evidence of the necessity and profit 
of planting only those varieties that succeed 
in the locality of the planter. As soils vary 
often in their composition in places not 
remote from each other, so the careful 
planter will try to know what varieties 
succeed best in his soil. The writer has 
known sorts that were very fine here, but 
in other portions of our State so worthless 
and imperfect as not recognizable as the 
same fruit. It costs no more and requires 
less care to grow a fine, valuable fruit, than 
it does a poor one ; but it takes more time 
and labor in gathering the apples. We give 
a list of apples that we have had in bearing 
some forty years, all of them being with 
us very good. Summer Harvest or Sweet 
Bough, Red Astrachan, Duchess of Olden- 
burg, Gravenstein, Maiden’s Blush, Hub- 
bardston’s Nonesuch, Baldwin, Rhode Is- 
land Greening, Peck’s Pleasant, Streaked 
Pippin, Roxberry Russet, and Long Island 
Russet. These will make a succession from 
early to late, and they are good bearers, 
valuable for market and cooking, and all 
good for dessert, except Duchess and 
Astrachan. We have over one hundred and 
forty kinds that have borne fruit, some very 
good and some very poor. Some of these 
are quite desirable in certain soils and 
situations, and highly recommended in fruit 
books, but are not so with us. Many vari- 
eties that were among our best, half a cen- 
tury ago, have ceased to thrive, and scarcely 
ever give us good fruit now. Among these 
once valuable sorts we might name the Fall 
Pippin, Newtown Pippin, Swaar,Vandevere, 
Pearmain, Bellflo ver, and others. As con- 
tinually taking away yearly crops of apples 
exhausts the potash from the soil, so neces- 
sary for success, and which stable manure 
does not seem fully to supply in adequate 
quantities, it will be beneficial to spread 
occasionally on the ground, unleached wood 
ashes, or muriate of potash, as being more 
economical where ashes are not easily 
procured. If we take away we must return, 
at least, a portion, for decayed leaves, rain, 
air, will not supply all that vegetation 
requires. — Isaac Hicks, Queen’s Co., N. Y. 
Liquid Grafting Wax. 
The following recipe for liquid grafting 
wax was given to us by Prof. J. L. Budd, 
with the assurance that it would be found 
all that could be desired for the purpose and 
with the statement that it is the recipe as 
used in German and Russian schools of hor- 
ticulture and forestry. 
One pound best white resin, one pound 
beef tallow, melted very slowly so as not to 
harden. When melted take the dish from 
the stove and add slowly, whilst stirring, 
one tablespoonful, of turpentine. Then 
slowly add alcohol, while stirring, until the 
mass has a thin, molasses-like consistency. 
In this form it is useful for painting over 
wounds of trees caused by pruning, break- 
ing, or other injury; and it is also the best 
wax for use in waxing collar grafts of the 
cherry, plum and pear, put up in the graft 
room, that we have ever tried. 
After the alcohol has evaporated too 
much from exposure to the air, place the 
dish in hot water and add alcohol as before. 
This wax may also be used with perfect 
success in outdoor grafting of the cherry 
and plum, by keeping the dish over a lamp 
in a lantern-like tin box, and wrapping a 
white rag over the wax while it is still soft 
to prevent its possible melting or cracking. 
Roll Grafting Wax. 
Melt and boil together, three pounds of 
resin, two pounds of beeswax and one 
poimd of rendered beef tallow. When well 
incorporated by boiling together for a few 
minutes, pour it into cold water, and pull 
and work after the manner of candy mak- 
ing. The proportions of the ingredients 
vary according to the weather and the de- 
gree of pliability desired. 
Every Farmer Should Know 
All about the Horse, his diseases, and how to cure 
them.— All about Buggies, Carriages, etc., and where 
to buy them. The "Complete Horse Book” tells all 
this. Send 10 cents, silver or stamps, to Pioneer Buggy 
Co., Columbus, O. 
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