70 
April, 1891. 
ORCHRR D/rnp \ GRRDEN 
©RCHARD^§ARDEN 
AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY JOUR- 
NAL OF HORTICULTURE. 
Devoted exclusively to the Interest of the American 
Orchard. Vineyard, Fruit, Vegetable and 
Flower Garden. 
Progressive ! Reliable ! Practical ! Scientific ! 
Subscription Price, 60 Cents per Annum 
Five Yearly Subscriptions for $2.00. 
Entered at the Post Office at Little Silver as second class 
matter. 
H. G. Cornet, Editor. 
Advertising; Rates. 
Per Agate line, each Insertion 30c 
One Page, “ $90.00 
One half Page “ 50 00 
One quarter Page *• 30.00 
Rates for yearly ads. and for 2i0 lines or over giv- 
en upon application. 
Reading uotlces ending with adv. per line nonpa- 
reil, 50c. Preferred position ten per cent, extra. 
LITTLE SILVER, N. J., APRIL, 1891. 
CONTENTS. 
Berry Patch. Spring Reminders — The Lovett 
Strawberry— Elseagnus Longipes 66 
Biographical. James D. Raynolds 71 
Flower Garden. Propagating by Cuttings- Sow- 
ing Seeds under Glass— Selecting Popples— New 
Larkspur— Margaret Carnation— TheNemophil- 
as— Berteroa Multabilis— The Gaillardias— The 
Yarrows— Sweet Pea— Treatment of Hollyhocks 
— The Day Lilies— Salpiglosis— Varieties of Cle- 
matis 64, 65 
Household. April— The Best Medicine — An Emer- 
gency Case— A Sideboard— Boiled Mutton— For 
Soiled Clothes 74, 75 
Insects. The Imported Currant Slug 73, 74 
Lawn. Japan Maples— Silver, Scarlet and Sugar 
Maples— Horse Chestnut Trees— The Judas Tree 
—Dogwoods— Cornelian Cherry 63 
Nuts and Nut Trees, Nut Culture .. 68,69 
Orchard. Open Heads for Fruit Trees -Two Long 
Keeping Apples— The Old, Large, Red Rare- 
Ripe Peach— Effect of Freezing on Apples— 
Longevity of Orchards— Close Planting of Fruit 
Trees— Seasonable Advice 67, 68 
Vegetable Garden. Suggestions for April— The 
Collard— Bedding Sweet Potatoes— Maintaining 
Earliness 72, 73 
Vineyard. %Work^for the'Month 63 
We desire to thank those who have so 
promptly responded to our circular request 
for their renewals and for their kind words 
of approval and appreciation of the paper. 
The large response shows very plainly that 
failure to renew is in nearly all cases the 
result of oversight and forgetfulness. We 
again, therefore, urge our subscribers to 
send in their renewals promptly before sub- 
scription expires as the paper stops then, 
and we cannot furnish back numbers. 
We solicit the subscription to Orchard 
and Garden of those to whom we send 
sample copies this month. Please examine 
the paper carefully and remember that it 
costs but fifty cents a year — less than five 
cents a month. 
“If you do not know how to prune, the 
proper thing to do is not to do it; but you 
might learn.” — Peter B Mead on page 64. 
Arbor Day. 
It would be well if preparation were duly 
made for planting on Arbor Day, and a 
pleasant and commendable custom such as 
this assuredly is, not transformed into a hur- 
ried and imperfectly performed duty. Trees 
are often not procured until ready to plant 
and the particular sorts of trees to be plant- 
ed often not decided upon until the last 
possible moment. It is quite possible to 
have plans formulated and the trees on 
hand, heeled in ready for planting, when 
the day arrives. Arbor Day planting is not 
always a success aud we do not always ob- 
tain all the results we might from it be- 
cause the work, as a general thing, is im- 
perfectly done owing to lack of intelligent 
knowledge of the subject. The School 
Superintendent, or the individual who is to 
have charge of the work, should take pains 
to inform himself in advance as to the pro- 
per treatment of trees and how to plant 
them. A few points here may be noted as 
productive of the very best results: — 1. Good 
nursery-grown trees, well furnished with 
fibrous roots; 2. Roots not permitted to be- 
come dry from time of taking up until 
transplanted; 3. Broken and bruised roots 
neatly trimmed, and head cut back in pro- 
portion to amount of roots. 4. Large hole 
and mellow soil, well shaken close about 
the roots; 5. Soil packed firmly around the 
tree and mulched with waste material; 6. 
Trees staked and tied to prevent swaying 
by the wind. 
A beautiful way of observing Arbor Day 
is to plant a nice tree to perpetuate the 
memory of a friend or relative, or in mem- 
ory of a friendly visit. 
month or two later that exhaust the plant in- 
stead of having the blossoms plucked off and 
its strength reserved for the plant. Rasp- 
berries and blackberries are planted with 
their full length of cane, the buds from 
which start and bear a few ordinary beiries, 
exhausting the plant in the effort, instead 
of having its canes cut off a few inches 
above ground and thus concentrating all the 
strength in the plant. The effects of this 
unwise haste are immediate, and in most 
cases fatal. The newly set plants lose their 
vitality and, not yet being firmly establish- 
ed in the soil, falter, and generally die. 
When they do succeed in living through it, 
the crop of the following year is very much 
lessened. 
Owners of country homes will find valua- 
ble and suggestive notes' on ornamental 
plants on pages 64 and 65. 
A timely subject for consideration: — The 
Imported Currant Slug, by F. Niswander on 
pages 73 and 74. 
Prof. Massey, on pages 72 and 73, gives 
timely advice on varieties to plant. 
Too much Haste. 
As a general thing we find that people are 
too impatient co gather fruit after planting 
and in thfeir eagerness to obtain immediate 
results sacrifice the future welfare of the 
tree or plant. Anyone who should read the 
correspondence of a nurseryman’s office 
would be surprised to learn how great is the 
demand for trees that will “ bear at once.” 
“Bearing age,” “Fruiting size” are the 
terms applied to them. This may be well 
for the nurseryman who has a lot of old 
overgrown trees to sell, instead of burning 
them, but it is hardly the best way for the 
fruitgrower to come into speedy realization 
of his desires. A much smaller tree will 
give him quicker and more satisfactory re 
suits and this for reasons that we had 
thought were pretty generally known. It 
is not the fault of the horticultural press 
that it is not so for the real facts have been 
told time and again. Small trees are dug 
with a much greater supply of fibrous roots 
than large ones.and the shock of transplant- 
ing is not nearly so great for them. They 
quickly rally and, under good treatment 
make a vigorous grow th Large trees un- 
less very carefully dug and cared for are 
very slow to recover. 
The same haste is noticeable in the treat- 
ment of small fruit plants. Strawberries 
set in spring are allowed to bear berries a 
Doing Work in Season. 
There is no more fatal habit among horti- 
culturists than that of tardiness. Some 
men are always behind in their work, and 
when this bad habit, for it is really nothing 
but a habit, gets in its work on spring plant- 
ing the result is a very serious one. More 
trees and plants'areJost from late planting 
than from all other causes put together and 
when a tree or plant, owing ro some favor- 
orable conditions, does manage to survive 
transplanting, its growth for the rest of that 
season is but a very trifling and miserable 
one. For complete success trees and plants 
must be put into their places while d( rmant 
and before the buds start, and to do this other 
and preliminary operations must be per- 
formed early, such* as preparing the ground, 
etc. Thus he who is behind in the first 
steps of his spring’s work_is, as a natural 
sequence, behind in the last, and he is fortu- 
nate indeed if he catches up by the close of 
the year. Our wish for our readers, there- 
fore, at this season is that they may be en- 
abled to start in , early and keep ahead 
throughout the whole year, and so shall they 
have their reward. 
The Black Knot. Disease. 
A valuable bulletin recently issued is that 
of the N. J. Agricultural College Experi- 
ment Station , by Prof. Byron D. Halsted. 
It is an appeal to destroy the black knot 
of plum and cherry trees. Its purpose is 
two-fold: first to impress upon the minds of 
the fruit-growers of the State a full know- 
ledge of the nature of the disease; and, sec- 
ondly, to induce si ch'action upon tbej part 
of all interested, as will lead to the destruc- 
tion of infested trees, and thereby render it 
possible to grow two of our choicest or- 
chard fruits with pleasure and profit. 
Prof. Lamson-Scribner.has in Orchard and 
Garden more than once referred to this 
dread disease, and we have called attention 
to the need of legislation on this subject. 
In the bulletin referred to united action to 
stamp out the evil is urged in a very prac- 
tical manner, and is well worthy of care- 
ful study. 
