108 
June, 1891. 
/ ORCHft.RD''/ R Nn\ GARDEN \ 
vO- ^SAiAAAASAMg . A • 
©RCHARD^§ARDEN 
AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY JOUR- 
NAL OF HORTICULTURE. 
Demoted exclusively to the Interest of the American 
Orchard. Vineyard, Fruit, Vegetable and 
Flower Garden. 
Progressive ! Reliable ! Practical ! Scientific ! 
Subscription Price, 50 Cents per Annum 
Fite Tearlt Subscriptions for $2.00. 
Entered at the Post Office at Little Sliver as second class 
matter. 
H. G. Cornet, Editor. 
Advertising Rates. 
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One Page, “ $90.00 
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Reading notices ending with adi>. per line nonpa- 
reil, 50c. Preferred position ten per cent, extra. 
LITTLE SILVER, N. J„ JUNE, 1891. 
CONTENTS. 
Berry Patch. Gooseberry Mildew —Seedling 
Strawberries— Failures with Small Fruits— The 
Goumi— Currant Worms and Curculio — Market- 
ing Strawberries 105, 106 
Book Review 109 
Flower Garden. June— Clove Pinks— Portulaca 
—Ice King Primrose— The Mosquito Plant— 
Aquilegia Glandulosa— A Praiseworthy Exam- 
ple— The Myricas— Gladiolus 103, 104 
Household. The Fresh-Air Fund— A Pretty Cor- 
ner— Flies— Currants— Cherry Pie— Easy Wash- 
ing— Fashion Clippings 113, 114 
Insects. The Plum Gougerand the Curculio — The 
Peach Tree Borer 112 
Lawn. Nut Trees on the Lawn— The Pomegranate 
—Dutchman’s Pipe— Crab Apples 102 
Orchard. June Jottings— Dangers from Arseni- 
cal Insecticides— Condition of the Soil— The 
Dickinson Apple— The Mariana Plum as a Stock 
—Two Kansas Apples— Wash for Trees. . . 106, 107 
Poem. In an Old Garden 101 
Vegetable Garden. Seasonable Advice— Trellises 
for Tomatoes— About Peas— Improving Varie- 
ties— Early Tomatoes— Water Melons 110, 111 
Vineyard. Hints for June— Spraying for Black- 
Rot 105, 106 
We are taking pains to admit none but 
strictly trustworthy parties to our advertis- 
ing columns. In writing to our advertisers 
please do not omit to mention that you saw 
their advertisement in Orchard and Gar- 
den. You thereby do a kindness both to 
our advertisers and to ourselves. 
The indications now are that a medium 
peach crop is assured for Delaware. There 
have been several late frosts but evidently 
not of a killing nature, for the prospective 
crop is estimated at from 2,500,000 to 3,000,- 
000 baskets. 
The weather extremes have been remark- 
able this spring. A few very warm days 
came unusually early and started growth 
generally. Then came a sudden and ex 
treme change, and ice from a quarter to 
three quarters of an inch thick was formed 
in nearly all parts of the country. This 
has been repeated two or three times up to 
the first week in May. The results can be 
easily imagined. 
Our New Premium. 
There are few things more interesting 
and useful in the home than a good, reliable 
thermometer, and its presence in the house- 
hold marks the intelligence of those who 
live there. Everyone who takes an interest 
in his surroundings in this life should poss- 
ess one of these useful instruments; and on 
another page it may be seen how one can 
be secured at the cost of very little effort. 
In plain words, we offer a large (21 in. x 
5% in.), handsome and thoroughly reliable 
thermometer for only four new subscribers 
to Orchard and Garden. This instrument 
is guaranteed reliable and correct, and is a 
handsome ornament for hall or piazza. 
There are probably few of our readers who 
cannot obtain so few as four new subscrib- 
ers, and hence this handsome premium is 
within the reach of all. 
We shall be glad to mail sample copies 
to any of the friends of our readers. 
New Types of Chrysanthemums. 
It is the opinion of Mr. John Thorpe that 
just as long as there are produced new 
types and new shades of color, just so long 
will the interest in the cultivation of the 
chrysanthemum be kept up. He says that 
we are now evolving a type which is cer- 
tain to create further interest. Its distinc- 
tive characteristics are the marked exten- 
sion of the ray florets beyond the body out- 
lines of the flower. Examples are Violet 
Rose, Ada Spaulding and Flora Macdonald. 
The ligulate petals are broad, numerous 
and incurving. Perhaps a good name for 
this type would be “American.” Yet anoth- 
er type, the original of which is Laciniatum, 
one of Fortune’s importations from Japan, 
is being developed in all colors, and in the 
largest sizes. Still another form, distinct 
in every particular, is one where the flow- 
ers present two distinct surfaces, the upper 
surface being composed of broad, reflexed 
petals, and the lower surface being a mass 
of narrow segments which extend from 
either side of the base of each floret. These 
are only a few of the newer forms waiting 
to be brought forth. That there is a con- 
stant addition to the already numerous 
shades and tones is known to observers. 
The pink shades are each year becoming 
clearer, the reds and crimsons are getting 
brighter. The once undefined shades of 
purples are decidedly more brilliant and 
effective. As to yellow and whites we are 
yearly presented with something different 
from what we previously had. Coming 
now to the possibility of a blue chrysanthe- 
mum we shall have shades of blue as posi- 
tively as we now have blue shades in pan- 
sies. It is within the memory of a great 
many of us when there were neither red 
nor blue shades as presented in the pansies 
of to-day. 
Canada at the World's Fair. 
Professor William Saunders, director of 
the experimental farms of the Canadian 
Department of Agriculture, is in corres- 
pondence with Chief Buchanan, of the Col- 
umbian Exposition, with a view to getting 
space for a big display. 
The Department of Agriculture. 
Surely all who are looking to the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture to become the great 
educator of the farming community and a 
greater help than even now to farmer, hor- 
ticulturist and pomologist alike, will agree 
with Garden and Forest when it says: “We 
can see no reason why there should be a 
Secretary of Agriculture, with a seat in the 
Cabinet, whose position is essentially polit- 
ical, and who must of necessity be changed 
with every changing administration. The 
practical control of the educational ma- 
chinery of the department, at least, ought 
to be invested in some officer whose stand- 
ing as a man of science is universally recog- 
nized. The position of this man should be 
certainly as permanent as that of the Direc- 
tor of the Coast Survey. He should be able 
to make plans for work that will extend, 
through more than one administration. But, 
after all, when we consider how much time 
and experience is necessary to organize a 
force of skilled workers in various branches 
of scientific inquiry, and how difficult it is 
in Washington to select men on any other 
principle than that of political availability, 
we ought not to complain of the progress 
that has been made, but rather to feel en- 
couraged to hope that the work of the de- 
partment will improve in quality as the 
years roll on.” 
The Filbert for Hedges. 
“A Subscriber” seeks light upon the de- 
sirability of planting filberts for hedges and 
asks our “numerous and intelligent read- 
ers, who have experience, to give the pub- 
lic and myself the results of their trials.” 
We hope our readers will comply. A hedge 
that will be close enough and not too much 
crowded to bear good fruit would be an ac- 
quisition. We have known the filbert to 
be grown for hedging in Europe and it there ^ 
makes a handsome hedge. Please hold up 
the light ! _ 
Tea in the South. 
General Le Due, Com. of Agriculture dur- 
ing Pres. Hayes’ administration, made an 
expensive and unsuccessful effort to pro- 
duce tea on southern soils, equal to that of 
Asia. So much ridicule was heaped upon 
his efforts and their failure, that none of 
his successors cared to repeat the experi- 
ment. In the meantime, Owen A. Gillet & 
Co., of Baltimore, with a valuable expe- 
rience derived from a life-long training in 
the tea business, have been making the sub- 
ject a study and say that there is reason to 
hope that before many years tea may be- 
come one of the South’s annually profitable 
crops. The writer has often enjoyed cups 
of a delicious tea grown in the gardens of a 
number of southern plantations. — L. G. 
I take some twenty odd periodicals, of which three 
or four are agricultural. I would; I think, rather fore- 
go the other nineteen than be without yours. I can do 
my own thinking on politics and religion, but your lit- 
tle paper fills my wants better than any one other. I 
find it practical and consistent.— Frank Goodwin, 
Middlesex Co., Mass. 
