136 
August, 1891. 
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August Notes. 
Vineyard work now may not be as urgent 
as it has been but it is necessary to keep a 
look out that none of the canes become loose 
from the trellis and that the canes for bear- 
ing next season are tied up and secure. The 
vineyard must still be cultivated and kept 
clean from weeds. The suckers coming up 
from the stocks near the ground should be 
broken off as often as they appear and all 
the suckers taken off from the grafts, and 
the ground hoed around them. 
Young vines, layers, and cuttings should 
be well cultivated and kept free from weeds 
as these suffer more from neglect than bear- 
ing vines. 
Some varieties of grapes will begin to 
ripen this month and must be attended to 
in due season. We should however not be 
over anxious to send them to market before 
fully ripe as it has a tendency to disgust the 
public taste for even good grapes when they 
come into market. Such grapes as Ives, 
which color early but are not ripe and are 
never good until much later, should not be 
grown for early market. Janesville is no 
better and we see no use for it except 
where nothing else will grow. Hartford 
and Champion are not much better but may 
do in the absence of really better varieties. 
There was a time when there was an excuse 
for growing such varieties but now there is 
none. 
Try the Jewel (which now costs but lit- 
tle) for a black early grape and we are sure 
you will never grow those worthless grapes 
again for either early market or wine. 
The Green Mountain for an early greenish- 
white grape appears to be good and valu- 
able; try it as we have done. We have a 
number of others that we may name here- 
after that are very good and valuable. 
This year the mildew and rot has played 
havoc with our grapes. Spraying could 
not be done, and even if it could have 
been it would have been useless as it rain- 
ed every day until the damage was done. 
We have, however, grapes that neither mil- 
dewed nor rotted; the Jewel is one of them 
and the Paragon is another, but Moore’s 
Diamond which proved so fine last season 
has gone entirely to destruction with rot and 
mildew. — J. Stayman, Kansas. 
The Scuppernong and Other Crapes. 
The May frosts were fatal to most vine- 
yards in the Piedmont section of North Car- 
olina. The young growth in open vine- 
yards was scorched black, and in many 
cases new shoots failed to appear after this 
was pruned away. The market crop will 
therefore be very short, but in home gardens 
there are many vines trained about the 
eaves of houses, over porches, trellises and 
arbors, which wall make sitting under one’s 
own vine and fig tree all the more pleasant 
because grapes are scarce elsewhere. 
Of the vines which have set a moderate 
crop from second growth and bloom, Con- 
cord, Isabella and Catawba surpass any 
others which have come under my observa- 
tion. Their foliage and fruit is larger, 
more abundant and healthy in appearance, 
but Eaton and Niagara have also done well 
for such an adverse season. Eaton has the 
largest, finest looking foliage and cluster 
of any grape I ever saw, and seems to suit 
our climate and soil better than any other 
fine grape lately introduced. 
The Scuppernong is of course a favorite 
grape in this state, being a native, and of 
fine quality. It was found growing in the 
forest on Roanoke Island, and vicinity, 
when the first English settlers came over. 
A small island, of sandy marine soil, in 
Albemarle Sound, also bore quantities of 
these grapes when Sir Walter Raleigh first 
visited the country. The vine on this island 
The Green Mountain Grape. Fig. 1683. 
bears a white fruit, round, very sweet, of 
green, purple, red and white colors, but the 
true Scuppernong is a white grape. 
Hartford Prolific, Delaware, Lady, Mar- 
tha and Rogers No. 44, are also favorite 
grapes in the eastern and southern portion 
of this state, and a new grape called King’s 
Winter ( Vitis Labrusca ) is gaining popu- 
larity. It ripens in October, does not rot 
or mildew upon the vines, bunches are 
large, sometimes weighing over a pound, 
and the vine is a rapid grower. 
The James grape is quite promising. It 
also ripens in October, bears large clusters 
of berries, black in color, often measuring 
Vyi inches in diameter, is fine in flavor, and 
good for wine making — an arbor grape. 
In our latitude it is not necessary to lay 
down and cover grape vines in winter, nor 
can we practice as close pruning as is advo- 
cated by the growers of the North and 
West. Almost any of our soils will grow 
grapes, but a light, sandy one, with south- 
ern slope and exposure, is preferred. This 
has been a fine season for growing grape 
cuttings. I was surprised to find that a 
bundle of cuttings stuck down in the sand 
beside a creek, in March, and almost en- 
tirely neglected, had rooted and were grow- 
ing finely. — L. Greenlee, N. C. 
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large size, and the vine has continued to 
hear since its first discovery. Indeed no one 
knows its age. It has run across the island 
in different directions and stretching from 
tree to tree covers ten acres. The Indian 
name of the creek surrounding the island 
was Scuppernong, hence the name of the 
grape. 
The Scuppernong in its native soil yields 
large quantities of fruit, of a highly saccha- 
rine quality. It is said that twenty barrels 
of wine were made in one season from the 
original vine near Scuppernong creek. “The 
geological feature of the soil where the 
Scuppernong grows, in North Carolina, is 
the same as the soil at Sandy Hook, and the 
belt of sea sand which has risen up along 
the south and eastern sides of Long Island. 
The same formation exists along the entire 
Carolina coast, and that of Virginia.” There 
are five or more varieties of grapes found 
about Albemarle Sound, all of which are 
called Scuppernong grapes, including black, 
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