156 
September, 1891. 
/ ORCHRRD Ann\ ORRDEN \ 
©RCHARD^§ARDEN 
AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY JOUR- 
NAL OF HORTICULTURE. 
Devoted exclusively to the interest of the American 
Orchard, Vineyard, Fruit, Vegetable and 
Flower Garden. 
Progressive ! Reliable 1 Practical I Scientific I 
Subscription Price, 50 Cents per Annum 
Five Yearly Subscriptions for $2.00. 
Entered at the Post Office at Little Silver as second class 
matter. 
H. G. Cornet, Editor. 
Advertising Rates. 
Per Agate line, each insertion 30c 
One Page, “ $90.00 
One half Page “ 50.00 
One quarter Page ** 30.00 
Rates for yearly ads. and for 250 lines or over giv- 
en upon application. 
Reading notices ending with adv. per line nonpa- 
reil, 50c. Preferred position ten per cent, extra. 
LITTLE SILVER, N. J., SEPT., 1891. 
CONTENTS. 
Berry Patch. The Lovett’s Best Blackberry- 
Forcing Strawberries Under Glass— Report on 
New Strawberries 149, 150, 151 
Books Received 157 
Clubbing List 162 
Fairs and Exhibitions 157 
Flower Garden. Seasonable Work— Browallla 
Elata— Clematis Jackmanii— Fall Sowing of 
Pansies— Smi lax — Cuphea Platycentra — Per- 
sian Insect Powder— Primula Obconica Poison- 
ous-Care in Using Paris Green 153, 154 
Household. What Next? — Cold Water as a Disin- 
fectant— A Corner Dressing Table— Nervous- 
ness— Peaches, Pears, and Grapes— Souvenir 
Spoons— Fashion Notes— Lemon Kali.. 161, 162, 163 
Insects. The Walnut Caterpillar— Summer Musi- 
cians 160 
Lawn. A Landscape Study 154,155 
Orchard. September— Hardy European Cherries 
—Russian Apples- Handling Apples Properly 
and Keeping them Successfully— BuddingPeach 
Trees— Packing Fruit 152, 153 
Vegetable Garden. September Operations— Cab- 
bage and Cauliflowers for Spring Heading- 
Winter Cabbage in the South 158, 159 
Vineyard. Gathering Grapes— Varieties of Native 
Grapes— Shipping Grapes— A Profitable Market 
Grape— Marketing 159, 160 
Orchard & Garden stops when subscrip- 
tion expires, hence renew promptly. 
Strawberry growers should read Mr. 
Mead’s article on Forcing Strawberries 
under Glass, on page 150. 
Our premium offers of the Thermometer 
and Prof. Scribner’s “ Fungus Diseases of 
the Grape and Other Plants ” are still open 
to those who will send us new subscribers. 
See advertisement of the latter on page 163. 
On the first page of our next issue, 
October, will be presented a poem written 
especially for Orchard and Garden by 
Dora Read Goodale, and illustrated by 
George Errington, entitled “My Spring will 
Come.” 
The Queen of Autumn. 
From a strictly commercial point of view 
the Chrysanthemum has become of national 
importance. 
John Thorpe told the Massachusetts Horti- 
cultural Society not very long ago that the 
annual sale of plants is over a million; the 
a disadvantage as compared with those that 
produce berries only. Division of labor 
counts here as elsewhere. Give a plant 
nothing to do but to grow and bear fruit 
and the work will be better done than if 
an additional task is imposed. To produce 
pollen taxes the energies of the plant much 
more than is commonly supposed. Many 
growers think it would be desirable to have 
varieties with perfect blossoms only to 
save the trouble of planting the two classes. 
Theory disproves this plan, and careful 
observations show that, in general, the 
most prolific sorts are those that have im- 
perfect flowers. 
There is more truth in the above now 
than there was a generation ago, when the 
Wilson was in its prime. 
It should be understood that these state- 
ments refer to the leading varieties that are 
most generally grown. There are some 
apparent exceptions even with these, and 
still more if all known varieties are includ- 
ed. Concerning the varieties that are worth 
considering, the general statements made 
above will hold good. These generaliza- 
tions are not only useful in determining the 
value of varieties in a comparatively short 
time, but may also serve as guides in future 
work. Much valuable time has been lost 
because these principles have been ignored. 
The English Postal Telegraph System. 
Interesting accounts have been received 
at the Post Office Department from Henry 
George, Jr., a newspaper correspondent 
now supplying a syndicate of American 
newspapers with letters from England 
touching the postal telegraph system in that 
country. He says the charge for telegrams 
to all parts of the United Kingdom is one 
cent a word, including the address, the 
minimum charge being twelve cents for 
twelve words or less. Ordinary postage 
stamps are fixed to the message in payment. 
A moderate additional charge is made when 
the addressee lives beyond the limits of the 
free delivery. Telegrams can be repeated 
at half the original cost. The cost of a reply 
not exceeding forty-eight words may be pre- 
paid, and a “reply form” is then delivered to 
the addressee, who can send his reply from 
any telegraph office within two months. 
Five figures are counted as one word; in 
this country the telegraph companies 
count every figure a word. As a measure 
of economy where many messages are like- 
ly to be sent, an abbreviated or arbitrary 
address may be registered for five dollars a 
year. In addition to these direct benefits, 
the people enjoy very substantial indirect 
advantages such as result from a cheaper 
service for newspapers and news agencies. 
The rate for news messages to all parts of 
the kingdom is 24 cents for every one hun- 
dred words, transmitted between six P. M. 
and nine A. M., and during the day it is 24 
cents for every 75 words, with the addition- 
al charge of four cents per one hundred, or 
seventy-five, words, according to the hour, 
for every duplicate telegraphic communica- 
tion. A correspondent in London with 300 
number of cut flowers that were sold in 
open market last year is almost incredible, 
many of the best flowers realizing fifty 
dollars per hundred at wholesale. Some of 
the large growers around New York had as 
many as fifty thousand flowers in sight at 
one time, averaging a great deal better in 
quality than many of the winning flowers 
that were to be seen on the exhibition tables 
but a few years ago. It has been said that 
the chrysanthemum flowers interfere with 
the sale of roses and carnations; but it 
seems^that nothing really interferes with 
chrysanthemums in their season. 
Fractional Currency Badly Needed. 
For a long time there has been a popular 
demand for fractional currency. It is need- 
ed badly for many uses, more particularly 
for sending in the mails. The postal note 
does not accomodate us. It is no safer than 
fractional currency, is expensive, exceed- 
ingly inconvenient to get or to collect, and 
is issued only at money order offices. As 
but a very small percentage of our post 
offices are money order offices it is apparent 
that the majority of the people, who are 
remote from these offices and who most 
need the conveniences, have no way of 
sending money by mail except in postage 
stamps or bulky silver. Stamps were not 
made for this purpose and are not negoti- 
able; moreover they stick together in the 
envelope, causing much annoyance. Silver 
is too unsafe. The people should persist in 
demanding a fractional currency, and the 
postal notes may be abolished for all the 
use they are in this regard. 
The opponents of this measure have been 
chiefly men who, living in cities with all 
the conveniences of life at hand, do not feel 
the need of fractional currency to send in 
the mails, and hence do not understand the 
needs of the rural population, especially in 
small towns and out of the way places. 
The World’s Fair Horticultural 
Department. 
Up to the time of going to press the 
Horticultural Department of the World’s 
Fair still remains unorganized. Mr. J. M. 
Samuels of Missouri, is the latest nominee 
as Chief of the Horticultural Department 
and his nomination has been confirmed by 
the Board of Control but not yet by the Di- 
rectory, which has deferred action upon it. 
There can be no reasonable objection to Mr. 
Samuels for the position. Whilst he is not 
our choice for the place, we hope he will be 
confirmed by the Directory and the matter 
settled. Mr. Samuels is a man of good 
judgement and much practical experience; 
and we have no doubt that he will make an 
excellent Chief. It is now fully time that 
the department be organized. 
Perfect Flowered compared with 
Pistillate Varieties. 
The Ohio Experiment Station, considering 
the question, remarks very correctly, we 
think, that those varieties of stawberries 
that produce pollen and berries also, are at 
