S EPTEMBER, 1891. 
£ 
IW'/vVA 
O R G H R R D GARDEN 
v w\a<\aaivw J~7~ 
157 
papers on his list, for instance, pays for 
sending out a piece of news after 6 P. M. at 
an average rate of a fraction over four cents 
per 100 words. In this way, Mr. George 
says, the vast bulk of the news telegraph- 
ing is done. 
The Delaney multiplex is one of a num- 
ber of American inventions in use in Eng- 
land, by which it is possible to send out six 
messages over a single wire at one time. 
The British government pays $10,000 a year 
royalty on it. Although it has been in pro- 
fitable use there five years, it has been stead- 
ily refused in this country where the com- 
panies have no need of inventions that 
would increase their facilities and reduce 
their charges. A prodigious amount of 
work, in an incredibly short time, is accom- 
plished in the English postal telegraph sys- 
tem by the Wheatstone automatic process. 
This is an English invention, transmitting 
400 words a minute, and is used in newspa- 
per telegraphic work. 
Since the government regulation of the 
telegraph lines in England, the number of 
telegraph offices has been increased from 
2,488 to 7,600, the rates have been reduced 
more than one-half, and press rates cut 
down to a fraction over four cents per hun- 
dred words; and, more important than all 
that, the service has been equally and im- 
partially cheap to all. Universal sentiment, 
according to Mr. George, testifies to the im- 
mensely greater convenience and efficiency 
of the postal telegraph system , and no one 
would ever think of going back to the old 
plan of private companies. Mr. George 
thinks that as good, if not a better, postal 
telegraph system could be established in the 
United States. The American letter service 
is really much cheaper than the English, 
taking into account the fact that our terri- 
tory is thirty times larger; and electrical 
invention, instead of being checked, would 
be stimulated. 
American Pomological Society. 
The twenty-third biennial session will 
convene at the hall of the National Museum 
in the city of Washington, D. C., on Sep- 
tember 22, 1&91 and continue three days. 
Rates of one full fare going and one-third 
of the hightest limited fare returning, on 
the certificate plan, for persons attending 
the meeting have been secured, certificates 
to be endorsed by the Secretary of the Soci- 
ety. Hotel arrangements have been made 
to ensure the comfort of the members in 
attendance. 
As we have said before, every progressive 
horticulturist and pomologist should attend 
the biennial meetings of this national soci 
ety. Aside from the advantages which 
must be derived from the assembling of the 
foremost pomologists of America, this will 
be a rare opportunity for the members to 
become mutually acquainted. 
The Society encourages general exhibi- 
tions of fruits but especially new varieties 
and new classes of fruits. A special com- 
mittee of expert pomologists is appointed 
to examine and report upon all fruits placed 
on exhibition. All packages of fruits intend- 
ed for exhibition should be sent (express or 
freight charges prepaid in all cases) to Mr. 
H. E. Van Deman, Chief of the Division of 
Pomology, U. S. Department of Agricul- 
ture, Washington, D. C. The name of the 
sender, and “ For American Pomological 
Society ,” should be plainly marked upon 
each package. 
Essays. 
The following papers will be presented 
during the session. 
Scientific Pomology. 
Chemistry of Peach Yellows, Dr. Erwin 
F. Smith, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. 
Correllation of Quality in Fruits. Prof. 
L. H. Bailey, Cornell University. 
Cross Fertilization, Chancellor C. E. Bes- 
sey, University of Nebraska. 
Immediate Effects ot Cross Fertilization 
as Affecting Quality and Commercial Value 
of Citrus Fruits. Rev. Lyman Phelps, Fla. 
Fruit Districts, Geologically and Climati- 
cally Considered. Prof. E. S. Goff, Wis. 
Heredity and Environment in Originating 
New Fruits. Prof. Thos. Meehan, Pa. 
Horticulture at the Experiment Stations. 
Prof. J. S. Newman, Ala. 
Pear Blight and Climate Influences. G. 
F. B. Leighton, Va. 
Physiological Effects of Pruning. Prof. 
L. R. Taft, Agricultural College, Mich. 
Recent Advances in Dealing with Insects 
affecting Fruits. Prof. C. V. Riley. U. S 
Dept, of Agriculture. 
Recent Progress in the Treatment of 
Diseases of Pomaceous Fruits. Prof. B. F. 
Galloway, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. 
Section versus Whole Roots in Propaga- 
ting the Apple. Prof. J. L. Budd, Iowa. 
Some Local Pomological Problems. Hon 
Chas. W. Garfield. Mich. 
What are the Possibilities of Originating 
a Class of Pear Trees Exempt from Blight? 
Prof. T. J. Burrill, 111. 
Commercial Pomology. 
Apple Growing Commercially Considered. 
Hon. F. Wellhouse, Kan. 
Commercial Peach Growing. Rev. J. F. 
Taylor, Mich. 
Berry Culture, Profits and Failures in 
Georgia. Dr. Samuel Hape, Ga. 
New and Promising Small Fruits. J. T 
Lovett, N. J. 
How to Make Small Fruit Culture Pay. 
J. H. Hale, Conn. 
Miscellaneous. 
Does the Spraying of Orchards with In 
secticides Pay? Prof. C. M. Weed, N. H 
General Fruit Growing. G. C. Brackett 
Kan. 
Fruit Notes from a Canadian Standpoint, 
L. Woolverton, Ontario, Canada. 
Foreign Grape Culture in Middle Florida 
Baron H. von Luttichau, Fla. 
Olive Growing and Manufacture of Oil 
Frank Kimball, Cal. 
Novelties in Pomology. H. E. Van De 
man, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. 
Pomology in the 11th Census. Mortimer 
Whitehead, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, 
Pruning for Citrus and other Fruits for 
Florida. Hon. D. W. Adams, Fla. 
Results of Recent Experiments with Small 
Fruits. Hon. T. T. Lyon, Mich. 
Pomological Resources of North Carolina. 
Prof. W. F. Massey, N. C. 
Small Fruit Growing in Eastern and Mid- 
dle North Carolina. J. Van Lindley, N. C. 
The Grapes of Middle Virginia. Hon. 
Henry L. Lyman, Va. 
Fruits of Western North Carolina. H. S. 
Williams, Fla. 
All who desire to attend the forthcoming 
meeting should inform the Treasurer, Mr. 
Benj. G. Smith, Cambridge, Mass., and he 
will furnish a certificate of membership 
upon receipt of the Biennial fee, which is 
!!4.00. This will entitle the holder to re- 
duced rates and all the benefits of member- 
ship. Further particulars, circulars, etc., 
may be obtained by addressing the Secre- 
tary, Mr. B. G. Brackett, Denmark, Iowa. 
Books Received. 
Principles of Agriculture. By J. O. Winslow, 
A. M. This book Is designed primarily for use In the 
public schools and contains no difficulties too great for 
ordinary pupils of twelve or fourteen years. It seems 
an excellent little work for laying the foundation of a 
knowledge of agricultual science,— those natural laws 
and principles which underlie rural life and rural pur- 
suits. It presents and treats briefly and concisely 
some of the leading facts and principles of chemistry, 
natural philosophy, geology, physical geography, and 
botany. At the close of each chapter lists of questions 
are inserted for teachers’ use which draw out the full 
meaning of the facts presented. It has a glossary and 
index, and many excellent illustrations. 152 pp. cloth. 
60 cents. American Book Company, New York. 
The People’s Horse, Cattle, Sheep and Swine 
Doctor. Edited by William H. Clark. A work on 
diseases of domestic animals, which presents a descrip- 
tion of each disease with name, and the proper med- 
icines for treatment in such condensed form as to be 
within the means of every body, should certainly be a 
useful and valuable one. Such seems to be the book 
before us. The Information is arranged so as to be 
easily accessible — an important consideration. Each 
disease is first described, then follow symtoms by 
which it may be recognized, and lastly are given the 
proper remedies. The different medicines employed 
in all diseases are described and the doses required 
are given. The book is copiously illustrated, including 
engravings showing the shape of horse’s teeth at 
different ages. An elaborate index is a valuable 
addition. 334 pp. Extra cloth binding $ 1 . 00 . m. T. 
Richardson, publisher. New York. 
State Fairs and Exhibitions. 
Alabama Birmingham Oct. 20— Nov. 30 
California Sacramento Sept. 17—19 
Colorado Pueblo Sept. 24—30 
Connecticut Meriden Sept. 15—18 
Delaware Dover Sept. 22—25 
Georgia Macon Oct. 21- 29 
Illinois Peoria Sept. 28— Oct. 2 
Indiana Indianapolis Sept. 21— 26 
Iowa Des Moines Aug. 28— Sept. 4 
Kansas Topeka Sept. 11 -19 
Louisiana Shreveport Nov. 3 — 7 
Maine Lewiston Sept. 7—11 
Maryland Bel Air Oct. 13—16 
Massachusetts Horticultural. . Boston Sept. 15— 17 
Michigan Lansing Sept. 7—11 
Minnesota Hamline Sept. 7—12 
Nebraska Lincoln Sept. 4— 11 
Nevada Reno Sept. 21—22 
New Brunswick. St. Johns Sept. 23— Oct. 3 
New Jersey Waverly Sept. 21—25 
N. J. Interstate ...Trenton Sept. 28— Oct. 2 
New Mexico Albuquerque Sept. 14 — 19 
New York Syracuse Sept. 10—17 
North Carolina. . . Raleigh Oct. 1— Dec. 1 
Ohio Columbus Sept. 14—19 
Oregon Salem Sept. 14—19 
Pennsylvania Bethlehem Sept. 21—26 
Rhode Island Providence Sept. 21—25 
South Carolina — Columbia Nov. 9—13 
South Dakota Sioux Falls Sept. 21—25 
Tenn. Interstate. Memphis Oct. 13—17 
Texas Dallas Oct. 17— Nov. 1 
Utah Salt Lake City Oct. 6—20 
Washington Walla Walla Sept. 28— Oct. 3 
Wisconsin Milwaukee Sept. 14—18 
Wyoming Cheyenne Sept. 14—19 
