October, 1891. 
169 
/ ORCHARD 
er growth it would approach closely the 
ideal raspberry for market growing. It is 
among the earliest to ripen (with the Han- 
sell, &c.) and is prolific. In size, compares 
favorably with the Hansell and Brandy- 
wine (although smaller than the Marlboro 
or Cuthbert) and in firmness and brilliant 
color it nearly or quite equals these two 
valuable varieties. Its quality is fair to 
good — better than Brandywine, but inferior 
to Turner or Cuthbert. In growth of cane 
it may be compared to the Brandywine; in 
yield, with Hansell or Turner. It endures 
the heat of summer well and has not as yet 
been injured in winter with me, although I 
have fruited it several years. 
Childs' Japanese Wineberry is per- 
haps worthy of mention. It has been stat- 
ed that this anomaly is unproductive, but 
this is an error: judging from its behavior 
upon my grounds. The cane is of very 
strong growth and ornamental enough to 
be worthy a place upon the lawn. The 
berries, which ripen at the close of the 
raspberry season, are rather below the av- 
erage size of red raspberries. They are 
deep amber in color, turning to the color of 
sherry, are translucent and sparkle in 
the sunlight, rendering them very attrac- 
tractive. They are too soft for transporta- 
tion and although rich are too acid to be 
enjoyed by any except those who are fond 
of acid fruit. Properly cooked I have 
found it exceedingly palatable and from it 
pretty and superior jelly can be readily 
made. The large calyxes or burrs which 
enclose each berry until fully ripe, imparts 
to the hand a viscous substance upon the 
slightest touch, that is decidedly unpleas- 
ant. With me it is entirely hardy. 
BLACKBERRIES. 
It is to be greatly lamented, yet must, I 
fear, be recognized as a fact, that the trend 
of this most important member of the 
Small Fruit Family leads to retrograde. Of 
the new varieties there are very few that 
are peers of the Kittatinny, Lawton or 
Wilson in their palmy days. 
Early King is a variety that, however, 
seems to possess much merit as an early 
sort, especially for the home garden. In size 
it is about medium, larger than Snyder, 
Taylor’s Prolific, etc., but smaller than the 
Wilson. It lacks firmness for long shipment, 
but is of superior quality and is very hardy. 
Cane of moderate growth and quite, although 
not especially, prolific, giving us our first 
blackberries. It ripens with the Lucretia 
Dewberry and in advanceof Early Harvest. 
It seems strange to me that a variety so 
desirable in many ways should be so long 
in becoming popular. Ihave now had it 
in bearing at least a half dozen years. 
Thompson’s Early Mammoth is evident- 
ly a seedling of Wilson’s Early and very 
like it in many ways. It is said to be much 
hardier. With me it has been entirely 
hardy. Owing to the mildness of the win- 
ters the Wilson has also been hardy during 
the same period. 
Minnewaski has with me proved the best 
substitute for the Kittatinny since we can 
no longer successfully fruit that old favor- 
ite. The canes are of good growth, fairly 
prolific, healthy and hardy; berries of good 
to large size, firm, attractive and excellent. 
It has not proved especially early, ripening 
with Snyder and Kittatinny, or ten days 
after the Wilson. 
Lovett’s Best, as its name implies, is, 
taking all things into consideration, the 
most promising of the new varieties. I must 
not omit to speak of Childs’ Everbearing 
Tree Rlackberry or Topsy. This I think 
a hybrid of Rubus cuneifolius by Rubus vil- 
losus, retaining the stout upright cane and 
villainous spines of the former and the large 
fruit of the latter. On ordinarily fertile 
soil the canes attain a height of three to 
four feet, are erect, very strong and rigid. 
It branches freely and is densely covered 
with rather small foliage of a thick, leath- 
ery’ texture. I have never known it to be 
attacked by orange rust or any other dis- 
ease. It is exceedingly prolific, beginning 
to ripen late, or the first of August with 
me, and remaining in fruit from four to 
six weeks. The berries are of the largest 
size, rather soft and of good though not 
high qnality. It is not very hardy, its posi- 
tion being between Wilson and Lawton in 
this regard. In localities where the mer- 
cury does not fall below zero it possesses 
much value for the home garden, but I do 
not think it would prove profitable to the 
market grower anywhere, owing especially 
to its lateness in ripening. 
CURRANTS. 
But little of interest is to be found among 
new varieties of the currant. Fay's Proli- 
fic is a success v ith me and I hear none 
but good reports of it from any quarter. 
North Star gives promise of being a val- 
uable variety, especially for the market 
grower. It is with me a fine growing plant, 
but l have not had it long enough to test it 
sufficiently to enable me to speak of it in 
definite terms. 
Black Champion is an improvement up- 
on the old Black Naples. Berries are larger 
and produced in greater abundance. I am 
told it is of better quality, but to me all the 
black currants are so repulsive, in both 
odor and flavor, that I am perfectly willing 
that the testing of the fruit be performed 
by somebody else. 
The Crandall has, I am pleased to state, 
some merit for culinary pourposes. It is of 
strong growth, exempt from the attacks of 
insects and disease and very prolific; but 
the fruit is too harsh and austere to be ac- 
ceptable as a dessert fruit. The berries are 
exceedingly large, almost equaling in size 
the Delaware Grape and are decidedly at- 
tractive. The claim that a good jelly can 
be made from it is founded on fact as I can 
bear witness. 
The Industry Gooseberry has not proved 
the success with me that it has in many 
other places. In Monroe County, NewYork, 
and upon the Hudson River it is giving the 
greatest satisfaction. I also saw it fruiting 
in perfection in Atlantic County, New Jer- 
sey, the past season. Although the best of 
the foreign varieties I have yet tasted, it 
loses its leaves prematurely and fails to 
ripen its fruit quite as often as it perfects it. 
The Dwarf Juneberries have given con- 
siderable satisfaction at the East. The 
chief complaint has been that the plants do 
not yield heavily enough and that the ber- 
ries and foliage are attacked by a fungus. 
The variety known as Success is an im- 
provement upon the type in point of size of 
fruit, quality and productiveness and has 
suffered less from the attacks of fungus 
than the common Dwarf variety. I find the 
Juneberry a much better fruit for canning, 
pies, etc, than as a dessert fruit. In its nat- 
ural state it lacks flavor, but when cooked 
is quite acceptable. 
Eleagnus longipes is indeed an interest- 
ing fruit. Did it ripen in late autumn in- 
stead of July its value would be greatly en- 
hanced. The bush is of low spreading hab- 
it, densely clothed with pretty foliage and 
comes into bearing as quickly as a red cur- 
rant. Its yield is simplywonderful.the berries 
being literally crowded upon the underside 
of the branches. The fruit is borne upon slen- 
der stems about an inch and a half long, are 
of cinnabar color with numerous small light 
gray dots, and about three-quarters of an 
inch long by a half inch in diameter. It is 
tender and juicy with one large, long, shape- 
ly pointed seed in each berry, so acid as to 
render it utterly unfit for use as a dessert 
fruit, but useful for tarts — in fact, for all 
purposes for which the Cranberry is used. 
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