172 
October, 1891. 
ORCH RRD 
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LITTLE SILVER, N. J.. OCT., 1891. 
Berry Patch. Fall Operations— Currant Cuttings 
—New and Promising Small Fruits 168, 169 
Biography. John M- Samuels 173 
Book Review 173 
Clubbing List 169 
Flower Garden. Seasonable Operations— The 
Planting and Treatment of Holland Bulbs. 170, 171 
Household. October— About Knives— A Hallow- 
e’en Parly— Women’s Clubs— The Care of the 
Hair— Papers— Cooking as a Profession— Sea- 
sonable Recipes 176, 177 
Lawn. Mowing the Lawn— The Kilmarnock Wil- 
low Planting Near Buildings 171 
Orchard. Fall Planting and Best Varieties— The 
Japan Golden Russet Pear — The Russian 
Plums— Russian Pears— The Haas Apple— June 
Apples 166, 167 
Vegetable Garden. The Early Frosts— Drying 
Sweet Potatoes— Late Snap Beaus— Cabbage 
and Celery— Harvesting Sweet Potatoes— Sow- 
ing Onion Seeds in the Fall— Kale— Carrots, 
Salsify and Parsnips— Fall-Sown Lettuce 174 
Vineyard. Autumn Work — Hints on Wine-Making 175 
To Our Readers. 
On the last page of this number we offer 
the most liberal premiums to sffbscribers 
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these generous offers because we wauft 50,000 
new subscribers by January 1st. Ef ery new 
cash subscriber to Orchard anij^Garden. 
before Jan. 1st, 1893, if claimed at the time 
subscription is sent in, can secure a pre- 
mium of choice trees and plants worth much 
more than the (trice of tlie paper, sent to 
him or to her postpaid by mail. To those 
who get up clubs our terms are even more 
liberal. Reader, if you are not already a 
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The American Pomological Society. 
The recent meeting of the American Po- 
mological Society at Washington, D. C., 
(Sept. 22, 23, 24,) was largely attended and 
some excellent papers were read from which 
we hope to quote in future numbers. It 
seemed to us, however, that at this meeting 
there was far too much essay and too little 
discussion: some of the essays were very 
long and the patience of the members was 
sorely taxed. The programme is suscepti 
ble of great improvement in this respect, 
and a committee to edit or supervise the 
papers to be read, so as to curtail those of 
excessive length or strike out irrelevant 
matter, would render the proceedings of 
much more interest and value to the attend- 
ing members. 
Winter Apples Not Abundant. 
A firm of western nurserymen has been 
gathering information from trustworthy 
sources regarding the crop of winter apples 
in the apple growing sections of the United 
States with the following results: Illinois, 
one-half average crop: quality good. New 
York, one-half to two-thirds average crop; 
good. Pennsylvania, full crop; quality fair. 
Ohio, one-half average crop; fair. Michi- 
gan. one- half to two-thirds average crop: 
fair. Indiana, two-thirds average crop; 
fair. New England states, one-half to two- 
thirds average crop; quality good to best. 
Autumn Planting. 
People seem slow to learn the benefits to 
be derived from planting in the autumn. 
The advantages over spring planting are so 
marked that it is surprising the practice is 
not more generally followed. Probably 
many at the North fear the early approach 
of freezing weather and so postpone plant- 
ing till spring, but no injury will happen if 
the newly planted stock is properly protect- 
ed, which may be done with very little trou- 
ble. In fall we have leisure to do our work 
well: in spring we are generally busy and 
hurried. Fall set trees and plants not only 
start to grow in spring much earlier than 
under ordinary circumstances the ground 
could be ploughed and fitted, but also make 
a very much more vigorous growth than if 
planted in spring, to say nothing of the risk 
in spring of being delayed in planting till 
so late in the season that the stock fails. 
Another argument in favor of fall planting 
is that the soil retains much of the summer 
heat until hard freezing weather sets in, 
and this favors immediate healing of cut or 
bruised roots and causes new fibrous roots 
to start whilst the top is quite dormant. In 
spring these conditions are reversed; the 
ground is colder than the atmosphere and 
the leaves start before the new growth of 
roots has begun. 
When it is inconvenient to plant in fall, 
arrangements should be made for planting 
in spring early, and to this end it is advisa- 
ble to procure the needed trees and plants 
from the nursery in fall and “heel" them in 
the ground on a high and protected spot. 
The stock is thus on hand in early spring 
when wanted and the planter is saved all 
possible delay in filling his order in spring. 
A Senseless Panic. 
Too much can hardly be said in condem- 
nation of the hasty, illjudged and ignorant 
action of the New York Board of Health 
recently in its reckless and destructive cru- 
sade against the Concord grape. It would 
be amusing, were the results not so serious, 
to note the conclusions the members of the 
Board arrived at after discovering this 
“mare's nest.” One of them, we are told 
by the daily papers, distinctly remembered 
that the Department of Agriculture had 
recommended a solution for spraying the 
bunches of grapes to protect them from the 
phylloxera ! Other equally ridiculous no- 
tions were entertained, although it is said 
that the Fruit Inspector was for many years 
in the produce business and he, certainly, 
should have known better. And so the 
warning went out that grapes were danger- 
ous, in fact poisonous, and the corps of 
health officers started out to destroy all 
suspicious grapes in the city, which they 
did, judging from the accounts in the daily 
papers, with the greatest recklessness and 
abandon. This all came about from the 
discovery of some atoms of the Bordeaux 
Mixture on the stems of some grapes, there 
having been no rain lately to wash oil the 
last spraying from them. Without any 
attempt at investigation, or enquiry of those 
familiar with the subject, and without any 
positive knowledge as to whether the de- 
posit on the stems of the grapes was really 
poisonous or not, this Board of Health pro- 
ceeds to spread a panic through the country, 
destroys thousands of pounds of whole- 
some, luscious fruit, makes grapes a drug 
in the market, and inflicts an injury upon 
the grape grower from which he will not 
recover during the rest of the season. There 
are thousands of families who will hence- 
forth heed the warning and shun the deadly 
grapes until they learn better; and a profita- 
ble market for Concords is gone for this 
year at least. As a matter of fact we may 
say here with certainty that he who sets out 
to kill himself by eating these sprayed 
grapes will die from surfeit before he can 
take enough poison to kill him. It is very 
hard on the poor grape grower, however, 
that he should fight against disease all sum- 
mer, with new and difficultly learned me- 
thods, and succeed in raising a crop only to 
have its sale killed by the ignorance of a 
body of officials who might be expected to 
know better. 
Abundant Crops. 
The crop of summer and autumn apples 
in the Champlain valley has been very great 
this year. Winter apples are not plenty. 
The crop of plums, too, has been enormous, 
and the same remark will apply to pears. 
The limbs of the trees, when not suppox-ted, 
were badly broken down. Of apples, the 
leading kind is the Red Astrachan, and of 
.pears the Bartlett. There is no home mar- 
ket for this abundant crop, and at present 
prices it will not pay to send it to a distant 
market already glutted. The consequence 
is, that many bushels go to the pig-pen and 
many more to the cider-mill, except in the 
comparatively few cases where an evapora- 
tor is used. There are some useful lessons 
to be learned from this condition of things, 
one of which is to grow more winter ap- 
ples. Another is to have at least one evap- 
orator in every neighborhood where apples 
are largely grown, if every apple grower 
can not have one of his own. It would be 
a good thing, too, if the hurtful practice of 
bleaching the dried fruit with sulphur 
fumes were entirely abandoned. 
