November, 1891. 
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Vineyard Hints. 
RAPE Vines may still 
be set out, and so long 
as the weather is not 
freezing cold. In 
planting them now it 
is best to mound up the 
earth over the tops for 
winter protection and 
remove it in the spring. Young vines and 
layers should be taken up and stored away 
from frost ready for sale or for transplant- 
ing in the spring. 
Cuttings of all kinds should now be made 
for propagating and grafting, tied into 
bundles and stored away in damp saw-dust, 
moss or sand. For out-door planting they 
should be cut into lengths of about six or 
seven inches, but for in-door propagation 
cut into any length most convenient to pack 
away. Those for out-door grafting should 
be cut from seven to nine inches long, or in 
double lengths if more convenient, of 
strong, well matured wood not less in dia- 
meter than a common lead pencil. 
Some like to do all their pruning in the 
fall, while others prefer early spring. We 
consider fall pruning best for all tender and 
hybrid varieties, so that we may cover them 
over for winter protection, but for all hardy 
sorts that safely endure our coldest winters 
we prefer early spring pruning. 
In protecting vines by covering with earth 
much depend* upon the climate. Here in 
Kansas it is not a safe method, for our 
winters are too open. It freezes and thaws 
so often during the winter that the buds are 
softened, and they rot; we prefer therefore 
to cover with some other material. It is 
safe, however, to cover with earth where 
the ground freezes up and remains so all 
winter.— J. Stayman. 
A Crape-Pruning Experiment. 
“There are many curious facts in vegetable 
philosophy not yet known to man,” remarks 
P. C. Reynolds, in The N. Y. Tribune. “In 
pruning grapevines it is cpiite a point to 
avoid too much bleeding. In pruning, last 
November, a few in my garden, where I 
like to experiment, I concluded to leave two 
along the north line fence, a Niagara and a 
Duchess, for experiment in the spring. This 
Niagara, although planted several years, 
had not borne much, not nearly so well as 
another planted at the same time in the 
middle of the garden, and the Duchess had 
also been a shy bearer. Last spring, after 
the new growth had pushed out over an 
inch, I cut back all of last year’s growth to 
two or three buds, lea ving as the leading 
bud, where practicable, one that had made 
the strongest start. I watched the vines 
and perceived that they bled very little, 
much less than when pruned in March, but 
they made as rank a growth of wood as 
usual and are now heavily laden with large, 
compact bunches of fruit. The Niagara is 
bearing at least four times as heavily as the 
one in the middle of the garden, pruned last 
November. Now I am not going to jump 
to the conclusion that the best time to 
prune grapes is after growth has started in 
spring, nor that those two vines are bearing 
better than they would have done if pruned 
last fall; I merely note that pruning at the 
time I did does not appear ti have injured 
the vines, so far as production of wood or 
fruit is concerned.” 
Does it Pay to Combat Plant-Diseases 
by Spraying? 
Spraying for such plant-diseases as the 
leaf-blight of the pear and quince, pear and 
apple scab, the powdery mildews, the mil- 
dew and rot of the grape, and the rot of 
the potato will yield a handsome profit, if 
rightly done, for all labor and money 
expended. 
Here is an example: Eight applications 
of the Bordeaux mixture were made to 203 
grape-vines to prevent rot, at a total cost of 
$6.51. Value of the product saved by the , 
applications, $32.40. Profit, $25.89, or 397 
per cent. 
Another case is that of a grape-grower in 
New York who sprayed his vineyard of 
8,450 vines seven times. The total cost, in- 
cluding the spraying pump, was $112.52. 
The yield of grapes was 53,430 pounds, 
which sold for $2,181.89. Fifty vines left 
untreated yielded 40 pounds, which for the 
vineyard would make a yield of only 6,700 
pounds, and that of inferior fruit. Esti- 
mated profits gained by the treatments, 
$1,800 over and above all expenses. 
Two successive years’ treatment with the 
Bordeaux mixture increased the yield in 
one case from 1-5 of a pound per vine to 
8.47 pounds per vine. 
I could bring before you many such cases, 
but this is enough for the present purpose. 
They show that spraying pays a handsome 
profit. — F. Lamson-Soribner. 
FUNGUS DISEASES OFTHEGRAPE 
AND OTHER PLANTS. 
BY F. LAMSON-SCRIBNER, 
Professor of Botany in the University ot Tennessee ; Director and Botanist to the Agricul- 
tural Experiment Station of Tennessee ; etc., etc. 
A thoroughly practical work prepared es- 
pecially for the Vineyardist, Fruit Grower 
and Gardener of to-day, and treats the sub- 
jects presented in the freshest and most 
practical manner. It gives full descrip- 
tions and illustrations of each disease, its 
nature and means for its identification, with 
remedies to be used and mode of application. 
Copiously illustrated throughout by origi- 
nal engravings. Instructive, brief, fresh, practical. 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
Chapter I.— THE ESSENTIALS FOR STUDY. Chapter II.— BLACK-ROT OF GRAPES. Chapter III. — 
EXPERIMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF BLACK-ROT OF GRAPES. Chapter IV— BITTER-ROT. WHITE- 
ROT. Chapter V.— BROWN-ROT. Chapter VI.— THE POWDERY MILDEW OF THE VINE. Chapter VIL— 
GRAPE LEAF BLIGHT. CHAPTER VIII.— ROOT-ROT OF THE VINE. CHAPTER IX.-ANTHRACNOSE AND 
BIRDS-EYE ROT. CHAPTER X.- DOTTED OR SPECKLED ANTHItACNOSE OF THE VINE. CHAPTER XI — 
BLACK ROT OF THE APPLE. CHAPTER XII.— APPLE RUST AND CEDAR APPLES. Chapter XIII.— APPLE 
SCAB. CHAPTER XIV. — PEAR SCAB. CHAPTER XV.-THE ENTOMOSPORIUM OF THE PEAR AND QUINCE. 
CHAPTER XVI.— PLUM ROT OR THE MONILIA OF FRUIT. CHAPTER XVII.-BLACK-KNOT OF THE PLUM 
AND CHERRY. CHAPTER XVIII.— LEAF-SPOT DISEASE OF THE PLUM AND CHERRY. CHAPTER XIX.— 
POWDERY MILDEW OF THE CHERRY. CHAPTER XX.— PEACH LEAF CURL. CHAPTER XXL— FUNGUS 
OF THfc RASPBERRY ANTHRACNOSE. 
OVER SIXTY ORIGINAL ILLUSTRATIONS 
DRAWN FROM NATURE. 
The details are quite fully given in each case and remedies 
suggested with mode of application. It will be found to supply all 
that Is necessary to be known to the Intelligent fruit grower and 
vineyardist to enable him to prevent fungus diseases or to flght 
them when they do appear. A carefully prepared and convenient 
index adds completeness to the book 
Endorsed and Recommended by all the leading Po- 
mologists and Horticulturists in the Country. 
Price: Cloth, 75 cts; Paper, 50 cts. 
By mail postpaid. 
FREE AS A PREMIUM. 
In order to place it within the reach of all our subscribers we 
offer this very desirable book, bound in cloth, as a premium, sent Grape Berries attacked by Black-rot. 
postpaid by mail, for Three new subscribers to Orchard and Garden. 
J. T. LOVETT CO., LITTLE SILVER, N. J. 
