The Chemistry and the Chemical Exploitation of Western 99 
Australian Plants. 
neither alkaloids nor prussic acid), Echinopogon spp., Malva parviflora L., 
Mimulus repens R. Br., Morgania glabra R. Br., Myoporum acuminatum 
R. Br., M. deserti, Pimelia flava R. Br., P. trichostacJiya Lindl., Sinapis 
arvenis L., Solatium ellipticum R. Br., Trema amboinensis, Velleia discophora 
F. Muell. V. pandurif 'or mis A. Cunn., We delta mperrima (Dene) Benth., 
WiUstroemia indica (L.) C. A. May, Zantedeschia aethiopica Spreng. and 
Zornia dipliylla Pers. Acrid, blistering and emetic latexes are produced by 
many members of the family Euphorbiaeeae, including Excaecaria Agallocha 
L., E. parviflora Muell. Arg. and Euphorbia Peplus L. 
Among the more important plants which are suspected poisons, but- 
concerning which little definite information is available, the following are 
perhaps the most noteworthy: — Acacia armata R. Br., Beyeria viscosa 
(Labill.) Miq., Carduus pycnocephalus L., Centaur ea melitensis L., Centipcda 
minima (L.) A. Braun et Aschers, Didiscus pilosus Benth., Epaltes australis 
Less., Eremophila glabra (R. Br.) Ostf., E. Latrobei F. Muell., E. Sturtii 
R. Br., Goodenia glauca F. Muell., Gyrostemon Sheathii W. V. Fitzg., Inula 
graveolens Desf. (32), Lactuca saligna L., L. scktriola L., Lavatera plebeia 
Sims, Microseris scapigera (Forst. f.) Schultz et Bip- and Ranunculus 
lappa ceus Sm. 
VL — DYES AND COLOURING MATTERS. 
The greater part of the work which has been done on Western Aus- 
tralian plant colouring matters is unpublished work by Dr. D. E. White, 
who has kindly made available the following information. Anigozanthos 
flavicla Red. contains cyanidin pentose glycoside; A . Manglesii D. Don, 
anthocyanin, possibly conjugated with tannin; Boronia m,egastigma, del- 
phinidin pentose glycoside, partially methylated, together with some disac- 
charide; Chamaelaucium uncinatum, malvidin dimonoside; Chorizema cor- 
datum Lindl., malvidin monoside; Eucalyptus ficifolia F. Muell., pelar- 
gonidin together with some cyanidin bioside; Oxylobium lanceolatum (Vent.) 
Druce, malvidin monoside. Clianthus speciosus (G. Don) Aschers et Graebn. 
from South Australia contains pelargonidin monoside in the red portion 
of the flower and cyanidin monoside in the black, while the partial white 
variant from western New South Wales contains peonidin monoside in the 
keel and pelargonidin monoside in the standard. 
Maiden (22) records the presence of a red colouring matter, which 
is very sensitive to acids and alkalies, in the juice of the fruit of Eugenia 
australis Wendl., and Herbert (90) records similar colour changes with the 
flowers of several species of Enostem\on and Boronia • 1 his is particular! \ 
noticeable in the case of B. Venuis (Lindl.) Benth., in which carbon dioxide 
in a moist atmosphere will change .the colour from blue to pink. 
Little is known concerning the colouring matters or dyes which occur 
in woods and barks. The yellow pigments of jam wood {Acacia acuminata 
Benth.) are referred to in the next section on vitamins, and Maiden (22) 
mentions the presence of a yellow dye in the bark of A. subcaerulea Lindl- 
A strong yellow colouring matter is also present in the wood of Sarcoce- 
phalus coadunatus. The wood of Caesalpinia Bonducella contains, as does 
that of many other species of the genus, the substance brasilin and its red 
oxidation product brasilien. Woods of this nature, like sappan and log- 
wood, have long been used for dyeing. 
