GEOGRAPHY OF THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO. 
173 
been detected in the adjacent islands of Java and Borneo. Of all 
the varied forms of Quadrumana, Carnivora , lnsectivora and liumi- 
nantia which abound in the western half of the Archipelago, the 
only genera found in the Moluccas are Paradoxurus and Cervus. 
The Sciuridce, so numerous in the western islands, are represented 
in Celebes by only two or three species, while not one is found 
further east. Birds furnish equally remarkable illustrations. The 
Australian region is the richest in the w orld in Parrots ; the 
Asiatic is (of tropical regions) the poorest. Three entire families 
of the Psittacine order are peculiar to the former region, and two 
of them, the Cockatoos and the Lories, extend up to its extreme 
limits, without a solitary species passing into the Indian islands of 
the Archipelago. The genus Palceornis is, on the other hand, con- 
fined with equal strictness to the Indian region. In the Rasorial 
order, the Phasianidce are Indian, the Megapodiidce Australian ; but 
in this case one species of each family just passes the limits into 
the adjacent region. The genus Tropidorhynchus , highly charac- 
teristic of the Australian region, and everywhere abundant as well 
in the Moluccas and New Guinea as in Australia, is quite un- 
known in Java and Borneo. On the other hand, the entire families 
of Bucconidae, Trogonidw and Phyllornithidce , and the genera Peri- 
crocotus, Picnonotus, Trichophorus, Ixos , in fact, almost all the 
vast family of Thrushes and a host of other genera, cease abruptly 
at the eastern side of Borneo, Java, and Bali, All these groups 
are common birds in the great Indian islands ; they abound every- 
where ; they are the characteristic features of the ornithology ; and 
it is most striking to a naturalist, on passing the narrow straits of 
Macassar and Lombock, suddenly to miss them entirely, together 
with the Quadrumana and Felidae , the lnsectivora and JRodentia, 
whose varied species people the forests of Sumatra, Java, and 
Borneo. 
To define exactly the limits of the two regions where they are 
(geographically) most intimately connected, I may mention that du- 
ring a few' days’ stay in the island of Bali I found birds of the genera 
Copsychus, Megalaima , Tiga , Ploceus, and Sturnopastor, all charac- 
teristic of the Indian region and abundant in Malacca, Java, and 
Borneo ; w r hile on crossing over to Lombock, during three months 
collecting there, not one of them was ever seen ; neither have they 
occurred in Celebes nor in any of the more eastern islands I have 
visited. Taking this in connexion with the fact of Cacatua, Tropi- 
dorhynchus, and Megapodius having their western limit in Lom- 
bock, we may consider it established that the Strait of Lombock 
