FRINGILLID^. 
25 
very noisy meeting upon the highest branches, all chattering 
at once ; the Malays sometimes succeed in teaching them to 
talk, but their education is difficult. 
Sub'faiQ, Giticulin®. 
Gen. Gracula. 
Gi’acula Javanensis. 
„ religiosa, Tar. jS {Latham, Index). 
Tiyung (Malay name). 
Black, with purple reflections on the fore part of the body and 
greenish reflections on the lower hack and tail-covers ; a bar of white 
extends across the centre of the seven first primaries ; the white, how- 
ever, is upon the inner web only of the first, and the outer web of the 
seventh ; the feathers of the head are short, glossj, and recurved, but 
parted along the centre of the head by lengthened, narrow, and 
straight feathers, the skin below the eye is bare ; a long yellow 
wattle extends on each side from the hind head down the nape ; bill 
and feet reddisJi yellow. 
Length, about 12^- inches. 
„ of bill from gape, 1 1 inch. 
„ of bill from front, 1|- inch. 
Width, at base of lower mandible, 9 lines. 
Depth, at nostrils, 7 lines. 
Length of wings, 6 1 inches. 
„ of tail, 3|- inches. 
„ of tarsus, 1 inch 4 lines. 
„ of middle toe, 1 inch 8 lines. 
„ of hallux, 1 inch 3 lines. 
These birds are very noisy, frequently flying at a great 
height and making a noise like Jackdaws, and sometimes 
turning over in the air like tumbler Pigeons; in the rainy 
season they are more noisy than at other times ; they build 
in hollow trees; when young, they are extremely easy to 
tame, become very familiar, and learn to talk pretty well ; 
hence they are often kept as pets. 
Fam. Fringillidse. 
Sub-fam. Fringillinae. 
Gen. Amadina. 
Amadina sinensis. 
Loncbnra melanocephala (McCIell., P. Z. S. 1839). 
Loxia Malacca (Bon., Consp. Av.). 
Adult ; head, throat, nape, upper breast, centre of belly and lower 
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