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DISTRIBUTION OF EXTINCT ANIMALS. 
[part n. 
extend so far south. We have here remains of Equus, Bob , 
Antilope , Hippopotamus, Elephas, Rhinoceros, Ursus, Canis, 
and Hycena, together with Phacockcerus, an African type of 
swine which has not occurred in the European deposits. 
It is perhaps to the earlier portion of this period that the 
Merycotherium of the Siberian drift belongs. This was an 
animal related to the living camel, thus supporting the view that 
the Camdidm are essentially denizens of the extra-tropical zone. 
Pliocene Period. 
Primates . — We here first meet with evidence of the existence 
of monkeys in Central Europe. Species of Hacacus have left 
remains not only in the Newer Pliocene of the Val d Arno in 
Italy, hut in beds of the same age at Grays in Essex ; while 
Semnopithecus and Cercopithecus, genera now confined to the 
Oriental and Ethiopian regions respectively, have been found in 
the Pliocene deposits of the South of France and Italy. 
Carnivora . — Most of the genera which occurred in the Post 
Pliocene are found here also, and many of the same species. Few 
new forms appear, except Hycenarctos, a large bear with characters 
approaching the hyaenas, and Prist iphoca, a new form of seal, 
both from the Older Pliocene of France ; and Galecynus, a fox- 
like animal intermediate between Canis and Viverra, from the 
Pliocene of CEninghen in Switzerland. 
Cetacea ,— Species of Balccna, Physeter , and JDelphinus occur in 
the Older Pliocene of England and France, and with these the 
remains of many extinct forms, Balccnodon and Hoplocetus 
(Balaenidse) ; Belemnoziphius and Choneziphius (Hyperoodontidae), 
and Halitherium , an extinct form of the next order— Sirenia, 
now confined to the tropics, although the recently extinct Eytina 
of the N. W. Pacific shows that it is also adapted for tem- 
perate climates. 
TJngulata . — The Pliocene deposits are not very rich in this 
order. The horses (. Equidce ) are represented by the genus Equus ; 
and here we first meet with Hipparion , in which small lateral 
toes appear. Both genera occur in British deposits of this age. 
