120 
DISTRIBUTION OF EXTINCT ANIMALS. [part ii. 
genera, Cainotherium and Microtlurium, in the Miocene of 
France. They were of very small size, and are supposed to be 
intermediate between the Suidae and Tragulidse. 
The Camelopardalidm, or giraffes, were represented in Europe 
in Miocene times by the gigantic Helladotherium, which has 
been found in the south of France, and in Hungary, as well as 
in Greece. The chevrotains (Tragulidse) are represented by 
the extinct genus Hyomosclms. 
The Cervidse do not seem to have appeared in Europe before 
the Upper Miocene epoch, when they were represented by 
Dorcathermm and AmphiTnoschus, allied to Moschus, and also by 
true Cervus, as well as by small allied forms, Dremotherium , 
Amphitragalus (in the Lower Miocene), Micromcryx, Palocorneryx^ 
and Dicrocerus. 
The Bovidse, or hollow-horned ruminants, were not well 
represented in Central Europe in Miocene times. There were 
no sheep, goats, or oxen, and only a few antelopes of the genus 
Tragocerus , and one allied to Hippotragus ; and these all lived 
in the Upper Miocene period, as did the more numerous 
forms of Greece. 
Proboscidca, — The true elephants do not extend back to the 
Miocene period, but they are represented by the Mastodons, 
which had less complex teeth. These first appear in the Upper 
Miocene of Europe, five species being known from France, 
Germany, Switzerland, and Greece. Dinotherium, already 
noticed as occurring in Greece, extended also to Germany and 
France, where remains of three species have been found. 
Rodentia . — A considerable number of generic forms of this 
order have been obtained from the Miocene strata. The prin- 
cipal genera are Cricetodon , allied to the hamsters, numerous in 
both the Upper and Lower Miocene period of France ; Myoxus 
(the dormice) in France, and an allied genus, Brachymys , in Ger- 
many. The beavers were represented by the still living genus 
Castor , and the extinct Stencojiber in France. The squirrels by 
the existing Scuirus and Spermophilus ; and by extinct forms, 
Lithomys and Aula codon, in Germany, the latter resembling the 
African genus Aulacodes. The hares, by Lagomys and an 
