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DISTRIBUTION OF EXTINCT ANIMALS. [part ii. 
and hyaenas, tapirs, rhinoceros, hippopotamus, elephants, giraffes, 
and antelopes, such as now characterise the tropics of Africa 
and Asia. Along with these we meet with less familiar types, 
showing relations with the Centetidae of Madagascar, the 
Tupaiidse of the Malay Islands, the Capromys, of the West Indies, 
and the Echimys of South America. And besides all these 
living types we have a host of extinct forms, — ten or twelve 
genera allied to swine ; nine genera of tapir-like animals ; four 
of horses ; nine of wolves ; with many distinct forms of the 
long-extinct families of Anoplotheridae, Xiphodontidse, and the 
edentate Macrotherkke. It is almost certain that during the 
Miocene period Europe was not only far richer than it is now 
in the higher forms of life, but not improbably richer than any 
part of the globe now is, not excepting tropical Africa and 
tropical Asia. 
Eocene Period. 
The deposits of Eocene age are less numerous, and spread 
over a far more limited area, than those of the Miocene period, 
and only restricted portions of them furnish any remains of 
land animals. Our knowledge of the Eocene mammalian fauna 
is therefore very imperfect and will not occupy us long, as 
most of the new types it furnishes are of more interest to the 
zoologist than to the student of distribution. Some of the 
Eocene mammalia of Europe are, however, of interest in com- 
parison with those of North America of the same age ; while 
others show that ancestral types of groups now confined to 
Australia or to South America, then inhabited Europe. 
Primates . — The only undoubted Eocene examples of this 
order, are the Cccnopithecus lemur oides from the Jura, which has 
points of resemblance to the South American marmosets and 
howlers, and also to the Lemuridse ; and a cranium recently dis- 
covered in the Department of Lot (S.W. France), undoubtedly 
belonging to the Lemuridae, and which most resembles that of 
the West African “ Potto ” (Perodicticus). This discovery has 
led to another, for it is now believed that remains formerly 
