230 
ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. 
[part iii. 
the southern latitude and warm climate in which these insects 
were mostly collected, and the proximity to Formosa and the 
Malay Islands compared with the enormous distance from 
Europe, this shows as much Pahearctic affinity as can be 
expected. In the Pahearctic region the group is only plentiful 
in the southern parts of Europe, which is cut off by the cold 
plateau of Thibet from all direct communication with Japan; 
while in the Oriental region it everywhere abounds and is, in 
fact, one of the most conspicuous and dominant families of 
Coleoptera. 
The Longicorns collected by Mr. Lewis have been described 
by Mr. Bates in the Annals of Natural History for 1873. The 
number of species now known from Japan is 107, belonging to 
sixty-four genera. The most important genera are Leptura , 
Clytanthus , Monohammus , Praonetha, Exocentrus , Glenca , and 
Oberea. There are twenty-one tropical genera, and seven 
peculiar to Japan, leaving thirty-six either Palasarctic or of very 
wide range. A number of the genera are Oriental and Malayan, 
and many characteristic European genera seem to be absent ; 
but it is certaiu that not half the Japanese Longicorns are yet 
known, and many of these gaps will doubtless be filled up when 
the more northern islands are explored. 
The Phytophaga, described by Mr. Baly, appear to have a 
considerable preponderance of tropical Oriental forms. 
A considerable collection of Hymenoptera formed by Mr. 
Lewis have been described by Mr. Frederick Smith ; and exhibit 
the interesting result, that while the bees and wasps are decidedly 
of tropical and Oriental forms, the Tenthreclinidse and Iclmeu- 
monidae are as decidedly Pahearctic, “ the general aspect of the 
collection being that of a European one, only a single exotic 
form being found among them.” 
Remarks on the General Character of the Fauna of Japan — 
From a general view of the phenomena of distribution we feel 
justified in placing Japan in the Pahearctic region ; although 
some tropical groups, especially of reptiles and insects, have 
largely occupied its southern portions ; and these same groups 
have in many cases spread into Northern China, beyond the 
