418 
ZOOLOGICAL GEOGRAPHY. 
[PART. III. 
in any of the Moluccas, we can hardly suppose that such large 
animals as the deer and ape, could have reached them by 
natural means. There is every reason to believe, therefore, that 
the indigenous Mammalia of the Moluccas are wholly of Papuan 
stock, and very limited in number. 
The birds are much more varied and interesting. About 200 
species of land-birds are now known, belonging to 85 genera. Of 
the species about 15 are Indo-Malayan, 32 Papuan, and about 
140 peculiar. Of the genera only two are peculiar, — Semioptera , 
a paradise bird, and Zycocorax, a singular form of Corvidae ; but 
there is also a peculiar rail-like wader, Habroptila. One genus, 
Basilornis, is found only in Ceram and Celebes ; another, Scythrops, 
is Australian, and perhaps a migrant. About 30 genera are 
characteristic Papuan types, and 37 others, of more or less wide 
range, are found in New Guinea and were therefore probably 
derived thence. There remains a group of birds which are not 
found in New Guinea, and are either Palmarctic or Oriental. 
These are 13 in number as follows : — 
1. Mouticola. 
2. Acrocephalus. 
3. Cisticolfu 
4. Hypolais. 
5. Criniger. 
6. Butalis. 
7. Budytes. 
8. Corydalla. 
9. Hydrornis. 
10. Batrachostomus. 
11. Loriculus. 
12. Treron. 
13. Neopus. 
Of these the Monticola, found only in Gilolo, appears to be a 
straggler or migrant from the Philippine islands. Acrocephalus, 
of which four species occur, is a wide-spread group; one of 
the Moluccan birds is an Australian and another a North- Asian 
species, which perhaps indicates that there has long been some 
migration southward from island to island, across the Moluccas. 
Cisticola is a genus of very wide range, extending to Australia. 
Hypolais is probably a modified form of a Chinese or Java- 
nese species. Criniger is a pure Indo-Malay form, represented 
here by three fine species. Butalis is a Chinese species, no 
doubt straggling southward. Budytes and Corydalla are wide- 
spread Oriental and Palaearctic species or slight modifications of 
them. Hydrornis is a Malayan form of Pittidae. Batrachostomus 
is a distinct representative of a purely Indo-Malay genus. Lori- 
