48 MIDLAND COUNTIES VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
(urine), signifying blood with urine. Hsemo-albuminuria signifies 
blood with albumen in the urine, but which for blood we substitute 
hematine, or the colouring matter of the blood. The word albumen 
being derived from the Latin word ( albus ), meaning the white of an 
egg, which is formed principally of albumen ; therefore the terms 
alone imply a distinction between the two maladies, and the only 
resemblance is in the colour of the discharge evacuated. 
But next, as to the causes of these diseases. Hsemo-albuminuria 
is caused, as we have seen, by atmospherical influence, damp pastures, 
coarse or the other extreme — rich food — after low diet — in fact, 
it is mostly traceable to things that impair the digestive system ; whilst 
hsematuria is generally brought about by external violence, such 
as mows to the loins, falls, bruises, or great strain of the part 
or parts immediately connected with the kidneys ; or it may and does 
frequently occur from calculi in those organs or their ureters, 
which impede the flow of urine and set up inflammatory action, or 
by their irregular edges wound the inner coat of the ureters, and 
thus cause the discharge of blood. Not merely hsematine but abso- 
lutely coagulated blood is passed with the urine, which I have 
previously shown does not exist in true red water. And therefore, 
gentlemen, I think there can be no doubt left on our minds that 
these two terms signify, or ought to signify, two separate diseases, 
and according to that difference so must our treatment be. 
Hsematuria demands from us prompt and active measures ; no- 
thing irritative must be administered. Drastic purgatives and diu- 
retics must be avoided, and in their stead mucilaginous drinks 
should be given, together with the use of hot fomentations to the 
loins. Sedative enemas and preparations of iron and gentian should 
also form the chief part of our medicinal treatment. 
I trust, gentlemen, you will pardon me for dwelling on this point, 
but when we see two different complaints spoken of and written 
about as one and the same, I think we cannot but feel that confusion 
of cases must naturally follow, and thus lead astray those who are 
learning and following up our profession. 
I think technicality was studied a few years back too much with- 
out reference to the meaning of the terms, for every technical term 
has a derivation, and that derivation points out at once what is 
meant ; therefore hsematuria cannot mean haemo-albuminuria, or 
vice versa . 
The sequel of this disease, which I have before briefly alluded to, 
is black water. This like the former derives its name from the 
colour of the urinary discharge ; but I will not detain you with a 
long description of it, as, being but the concluding stage of the 
former, it would be almost like repetition to dwell long upon it. 
Suffice it to say that I am of opinion this black hue is due, if I may 
so express it, to death of the hsematine, viz., that as it ceases to 
escape from the vessels, so does the inclination of the animal to 
urinate subside, and thus the colouring matter being retained a 
longer time in the bladder, affords opportunity for this change to 
take place. Should we be called in to attend a case of this kind, 
