FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN AMERICA. 
89 
ulcers at the same time as the mouths ; the udder subse- 
quently became inflamed and tumefied, and abscesses were 
formed, terminating frequently in a total loss of milk, and, in 
less severe cases, in a diminution of quantity. The pregnant or 
in calf cows, and the barren cows were less violently affected ; 
but cows having recently calved suffered most, more espe- 
cially in the udders, from the formation of tumours and milk 
abscesses, constituting the disease commonly called garget; 
abscesses and ulcers also were formed- in various parts of the 
limbs and body, especially the points bearing the animat's 
weight when lying down. At this stage of the disease it was 
often attended with so much fever and prostration of strength 
and constitutional debility, that the animal was incapable of 
rising or changing its position, which caused extensive 
ulcers, abscesses, and frequently death from irritation and 
exhaustion. A few cases of second attack are reported to have 
occurred, and even third attacks are mentioned ; but these are 
exceptions. Upon the subsidence of the disease many cattle 
were attacked with cutaneous eruptions which usually yielded 
to the remedies employed in ordinary cases of mange. 
“ 4 In the few post-mortem examinations that were made, 
a diseased state of some, and in others of all the vital organs 
appeared, and a marked inflammatory action had been general 
throughout the system. The epidemic disappeared in some 
farms and dairies in about a month, and in others extended 
to six months. The cattle that have suffered from this dis- 
ease in the country are estimated to have been reduced in 
value five per cent., which is much below the London esti- 
mate, and dairy cows having newly calved are calculated to 
have lost thirty per cent, of their original value. 5 
“ Professor Sewell states also that weather and temperature 
seemed to have no influence on the disease, except that in 
warm weather there was more inflammation and fever. 
“The journals of the Royal Agricultural Society of Eng- 
land for the years following contain no further allusion to this 
epizootic, and it would seem to have died out or to have been 
suppressed within a few years, and not to have appeared 
again in Great Britain until its importation in I869.* It 
then soon became very widely spread, and is up to the present 
time causing serious losses and annoyance in that country. 
“It is not yet certainly known when the contagion was 
conveyed to America, but the disease has recently been ascer- 
* This inference is not in accordance with fact; the disease has never 
entirely disappeared since its introduction in 1839, and it prevailed exten- 
sively in 1840, 1845, 1852, 1861, 1862, as well as in 1869. — Ed. Field. — 
Field, Jan. 4th, 1871. 
XLIV. 7 
