418 LARWE in the sinuses of the head of sheep. 
glands had been the seat of disease for some time, although 
little or no suspicion ot the kind seems to have been 
entertained. In one case Mr. Earl describes the kidneys as 
being increased in size, pale in colour, and so soft and flabby 
as to be easily broken up by the slightest pressure. In the 
other, he says that the pelvis of each gland contained a 
quantity of purulent matter, and that numerous small 
abscesses existed in the medullary portion ; indeed, that it 
was impossible to make a section of either kidney in any 
direction without cutting through several of these abscesses. 
Both animals were attacked with illness a few days only 
before death. The symptoms were those which are usually 
met with in intestinal affections associated with colic. The 
remedies had recourse to, which consisted in a great measure 
of stimulating agents, contributed, in Mr. Earl’s opinion, to 
a more speedy fatal result than would otherwise have been 
the case. 
ILL EFFECTS OF THE PRESENCE OF LARVAE IN 
THE SINUSES OF THE HEAD OF SHEEP. 
Investigations long since made into the natural history 
of the gad or breeze fly established the fact that the larvae of 
the variety known as the JEstrus ovis located themselves 
within the sinuses of the head of sheep. The number of 
larvae obtaining an entrance through the nasal passages into 
the frontal and other sinuses is, however, as a rule, ex- 
ceedingly limited, and as such it is very rare that any ill effects 
are produced by their presence. A parallelism of this is to 
be met with in numerous cases where parasites are present. 
The ill consequences are in proportion to their number, not 
to the simple existence of the parasites. There are other 
cases, however, where even one parasite may cause irreparable 
mischief, or even death itself ; for example, an hydatid — 
Ccenurus cerebralis — in the brain of the sheep. These facts 
are alluded to for the purpose of explaining how it is that this 
year we have heard so much of the serious results which have 
followed the full development of the larvse of the JEstrus 
ovis. Sheep have suffered to a most serious extent in many 
of the southern counties, and in not a few instances even 
death has supervened. The leading symptoms have been a 
copious discharge of a glutinous kind from the nostrils, 
occasional cough of a choking-like nature, frequent sneezing, 
impeded respiration, swellings around the nasal openings, 
effusion into the areolar tissue beneath the jaws, great de- 
pression, leading in many instances to a semi-comatose con- 
dition, loathing of food, and in the latter stages, even diarrhoea. 
