614 LANCASHIRE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
to take on disease when continued irritation has been set up in the 
system from any active or chronic disease. In the above paper by 
Mr. Arnott he gives the morbid appearances of the chest and other 
viscera in support of his opinion that phlebitis induces a secondary 
constitutional affection which is a cause of death, and not by direct 
extension of the inflammation of the vein. 
Post-mortem appearances . — The late Mr. Hales, V.S., has said 
( Veterinarian , vol. viii, p. 438), “ That as far as my limited ac- 
quaintance with veterinary writings goes, I am not aware of one 
well-related instance of the morbid anatomy of the inflamed 
jugular in the horse.” I may as well now give a few instances of it. 
In one of Mr. Arnott’s cases, attended by one of the Fields, for 
paralysis, the horse, after an interval of only seven days, was 
“ pithed and on examination he found the jugular vein could not 
be distinguished amid the general swelling, but the facial and all 
the other veins on the side of the head were turgid with stagnant 
blood. The cellular substance beneath the skin and over the course 
of the vein was loaded with coagulable lymph, becoming more firm 
as it approached the vessel, so that its cellular sheath was converted 
into a solid coat, having numerous red vessels distributed on its 
inner surface. The proper coats of the vein were enormously 
thickened. 
The aperture made in the bleeding was filled with a granular- 
looking substance of a yellowish-white colour, which substance 
(coagulable lymph) completely plugged the cavity of the vein oppo- 
site the puncture, and for an extent of three quarters of an inch 
downwards. The canal through this portion of the vessel was 
greatly contracted, from the excessive thickening of the coats. 
Above the portion of vein which was plugged with lymph the 
thickening of the coats extended (but in a much less degree than 
below) to where the jugular divides. 
The canal through this extent was filled with coagula of blood, 
adhering somewhat firmly to the inner surface of the vein. The 
coagula extended into the smaller branches above. 
In Mr. Arnott’s other case , attended by Mr. Jumpson, Y.S., 
Chelsea, the report is, “ eight inches of the jugular vein were re- 
moved : the part surrounding the orifice is ulcerated ; the coats of the 
portion of the vein extending towards the head are nearly three times 
their natural thickness, and changed in colour. The internal coat 
has a dark rough surface. These changes terminated two or three 
inches beyond the orifice. This part of the vein contained dark 
coloured pus. Immediately below the orfice three inches of the 
canal are obliterated in a direction towards the heart. Proceeding 
downwards, the vein is quite natural, and contains coagulated 
blood.” The morbid appearance of the chest and other viscera are 
there given in support of the opinion that phlebitis induces a 
secondary constitutional affection, which is the cause of death, and 
not by direct extension of the inflammation of the vein. 
Mr. Hales attended a two-year-old thorough-bred filly that had 
been bled by the owner’s groom when little was amiss with her 
