620 LANCASHIRE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 
gatives and blistering the neck the case did well. He advises 
blisterings and early treatment, or the vein will be lost. (See 
Veterinarian , vol. viii, p. 443.) 
In these cases it is usual to apply plugs, pins or the cautery, in 
order to staunch the blood ; but I think the best plan, if there is 
no particular swelling or inflammation about the parts, is to cast 
the horse, and apply the ligature to the vein at once, as in the cases 
related by Messrs. Hawthorne and Daws ; for it appears that in the 
first case, although the vein of the neck became in a few hours dis- 
tended almost to bursting, and there was fear of the ligature giving 
way, yet by fomenting the head it subsided in the course of a day 
or two, and in twelve days after the operation the ligature had 
sloughed away and the wound healed up. In Mr. Daws 5 case the 
ligature sloughed away on the fifteenth day ; but on the following 
day the head, neck, &c., commenced swelling, and in the course of 
that day the animal died. In this case there was secondary disease 
of the lungs, which was the cause of death. 
In the case of the colt mentioned before, where the vein was so 
fearfully opened with the lancet, it would have been decidedly better 
to have applied the ligature in the first instance, as we could not 
expect so large a wound to heal up rapidly, and it would have 
averted secondary haemorrhage. 
In the 13th vol. of the Veterinarian , page 180, there is a review 
of “The Proceedings of the Royal Veterinary School of Alfort 
during the Scholastic Year 1838-39” by Professor M. Renault 
and Assistant-Professor Bouley, in which they treat on “ the dif- 
ferent phenomena which have resulted from a ligature on the jugular 
vein, whether in sick horses or in others, that were kept as subjects 
for experiments.” The jugular was selected on account of its 
superficial position and volume. 
As I consider this paper, Mr. President, a most important one in 
connection with our present subject, I will take the liberty of giving 
it to the meeting verbatim. They commence by saying — 
“These experimental studies have served in a singular manner to 
enlighten the history of thrombus of the jugular vein , and the dif- 
ferent phenomena which accompany it, when it is attended by in- 
flammation of the vein, with or without ulceration. 
“"When the caliber of the vessel is effaced by pressure of a sur- 
rounding ligature, a clot of blood forms in the infundibulum which 
the vein presents above the ligature, and extends to the first con- 
siderable ramification of the jugular in the parotid gland. This 
clot being once formed, determines by its presence that degree of 
inflammation in the tissue of the vein, and in the cellular tissue 
around it, which seems necessary to the organization of the clot ; 
and all the degrees of this inflammation are in direct relation with 
the modifications which this clot must undergo. 
“ If the animal is killed seven or eight days after the passing of the 
ligature, we can perfectly recognise the traces of that inflammation 
in the tissues which surround the clot. 
“ The cellular tissue adjacent to the vein is also infiltrated with a 
