LANCASHIRE VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. 623 
At other times, whether it is because the animal has rubbed himself 
at a period more distant from the commencement of inflammation, 
or whether because applications too irritating have been made across 
the track of the indurated vein, inflammation rises too high, the 
suppuration of the clot is effected, and an abscess, formed in the 
interior of the vein, is not slow in finding an issue outwardly through 
the orifice effected in bleeding. 
In this case, as we have said before, the obliteration of the vein 
being effected in the very branches of the jugular, there is no 
haemorrhage to fear, but an obstinate fistula at the place of the 
abscess, throughout the whole of the vein, and lasting until the 
exfoliation of the internal membrane is completely effected. Finally, 
who has not been struck with the frequency of the haemorrhages 
which manifest themselves so often in consequence of thrombus in 
horses out of condition or of weak constitution ? 
The indications of treatment which result from this anatomical 
study of the phenomena of inflammation of the jugular vein are 
simply and easy to be understood. 
At first, the flowing of blood and the contact of atmospheric air 
are effectually prevented by the application over the tumour, or 
thrombus, if such should exist, of a pledget covered with blistering 
ointment, or a bandage sprinkled with powdered cantharides, which 
is very efficacious in producing this double result. Afterwards, 
when inflammation is developed, it is to be moderated by the con- 
tinuous employment of emollient applications. Then, when the 
induration is formed, the application of irritants, or of the cautery, 
in order to produce its absorption, is required. 
If fistula exists, following the track of the vein, some stimulating 
fluids may be injected, or a seton may be passed to destroy the 
internal membrane, imperfectly organized, and which must exfoliate 
before cicatrization can be effected. 
Such are the simple means which will generally be sufficient to 
adopt in order to bring about the cicatrization of the vein. 
The ligature of the jugular, which has been advised in case of 
hsemorrhage through a considerable orifice, is a measure too often 
unsuccessful for me to think it necessary to dissuade the surgeon 
from having recourse to. 
The principal cause of the little efficacy of that operation is the 
production of inflammation, which renders the walls of the vessel so 
friable that the ligature is soon disengaged, and thus permits the 
disorganizing action of the air upon the clot. 
Is loss of a vein unsoundness ? — I do not know whether it is 
now the practice at the London Veterinary College to pronounce all 
horses that have lost a jugular vein unsound ; but I recollect many 
years ago the late Professor Sewell saying “ that there could be no 
question of animals that have lost their jugular veins being unsound 
for ever afterwards ; at any rate, he always rejected such horses as 
unsound, in consequence of their being liable to cerebral attacks, as 
vertigo ( vulgo megrims ), apoplexy, &c.,and also because such horses 
were unsafe to turn out to grass.” 
