(’arxr — Brown Eoi of Citrus. 
uii(lt.‘v t]i(‘ writer’s ()l)servatioii. it has ap])eared in tlio Ranges shortly 
after th(‘ first heavy winter rains in May or June. Fresli outbreaks 
tlien follow each wet s])ell diminishing’ and praetioally ceasing after 
a woi-k or two of fine diy weatlier. The maximum attack develops 
towards tlie end of August or early in Repteml)er continuing into 
Octoln'r. or to the advent of tlie dry season. 
On tlie coastal plain, v.ith tlie exception of one or two orchards 
so situatetl that effective drainage is practically impossible^ the 
disease is ladatively much less important, and is in most places of 
little conse<|ueiice before August. 
Th(‘ difference in the imjmrtance of the disease in the two 
anois a)»])ears to be related to sunshine and wind. The hill orchards 
most affected are those which, owing to their positions in valleys, 
ai(‘ sludteied I)v hills, and consecjuently have a shorter daily ex- 
jiosure to dii-ect sunlight, and more protection against Avind. In 
su]t]iort of the latter statement it may bo noted that the occur- 
riou-o of blemishes dm* to nibliing, thorn scratches, etc., is nuicii 
giH'ati'r (HI the coastal plain than on the ranges, Kxposed orchards 
on tlie Ranges suffer relatively little from the disease. 
The ('conomic loss varies gi’eatly in diffei'ent orchards^ and in 
diflertoit seasons. Those badly affected one year are not ne.cessarilv 
bailly affected the next. In the same orchard some portions suffer 
more tlian others, but the same portions are not necessarily the most 
afficted each season. In general the orchards in sheltered situations. 
A\ith good natural Avater suj)plies in the form of ]>ermanent streams 
ami soakag(*s. are the most affected. Oases ha\a' been noted where 
tlie disease lias lieen almost confined to the limits of an overflow 
from a stream. 
f e\A . if any, citrus orchards escafie the disease in average 
seasons. In many cases the damage is confined to the droiiping of 
a foAv leavas. In badly affected areas fruit, leaves and twigs are 
affected. At tlie worst trees are more or less totally defoliated and 
suffer considerably from loss of A-itality. Actual death from this 
cause alone has not been observed, except in the case of yearling seed- 
lings. Tlie direct loss of fruit is the most obvious effect of the 
disease. It may reach of the crop of iudiA’idiial trees and exceed 
of the ci-o]i of (|oite coiisideralile portions of orchards. Tim 
indirect loss due to leaf and twig blighting may. however, be (piite 
as great, as Inidly affected branches bear little or no fruit in the 
succeeding season, and take several seasons to return to normal 
oropjiing. 
TliEKS AFFECTED. 
All varieties of oranges including mandarins and lemons groAvn 
in tins 8tate are affected. Other varieties of citrus such as grajie 
fruit, citron, etc., are not groAvii eommerciallv and their beha\ioi!r 
