1(11 
(’i.AKKE AXi') WfLiviAAiS.— Ct/’o/o//,}/ of Darliiif/ Uai)gc. 
j.Jiri.soii Avilli ;t hai'n.nTapIi k(‘pt in cunii> oi- liy fnapient 
on kiunvii lioiy'lits on piju'-linos or railways. 
Altkou^li mucli of the matter sot. out l)elow was eolleototl 
])V other workers wo' must 1)0 lu‘l(l responsilhe for everything 
wliieli is not definitely attributed to some other observer. In tho 
re])orts snbmittt'd by the various students are ]iiany interesting 
observati<ms not re]>ro(iueed here, partly because in this paper "we 
try to einj)hasize only the outstanding geologic and topographic 
features. We hope that, a beginning having been made, further 
detail will soon follow freon others. 
1 r. — riivsro(Ot APTiv. 
A. General. 
The two areas uiidei' consideration lie in tlie valleys of the 
Helena and Canning Kivers, two of the westerly-tiowing streams 
which according to Jutson (1914 p. 128) were consequent on 
the formation of tlio Darling Fault, and which, having steeper 
courses, were able to capture and dismember tlie senile north-south 
<h'ainage. An account of the physiography therefore is mainly ci 
descri])tion of the watercourses. It may be noted here that the 
only ])erennially (lowing streains are the Canning River and Piesse 
Brook, though it is merely the presence of Arundaring Weir whicTi 
makes the Helena dry during the summer months. Smith’s Mill 
Brook usually candes water until December, all the other water- 
courses become dry in early summer, oxce])t in a few i)laces wherr^ 
fed by springs wbicli issue from tlie junction of cpidiorite dykes 
and granite. 
Tlie Holeystone Area, being smaller and confined to one side 
of the valley, does not furnish any detail of s])ecial value, thougb 
features of interest in the Darlington Area occur in it also, in 
a less obvious manner. The remarkable lioinl of the Canning in 
the Roleystoiie Area is probably due to the capture of an old 
iioith-south .stream, tliough clear evidence such as one gets liigher 
lip the (’anning is lacking, Ix-cause more extensive erosion has 
rmnoved much (d‘ the evidence of the courses and levels of the 
older streams. 
A reconnaissaiK'e for fourteen miles up the valley of the 
('aiming shows that the main valley is mature for about two 
miU's (>ast of the Darling fault line scarp, above that, to the emi 
of the traverse, the hills gradually close in and liecome steeper 
and Ihe river is broken by cascades and rapids. There are also 
