xxxiv First Report on Economic Zoology . 
Chilopoda Most centipedes kill noxious ground insects and molluscs. 
Diplopoda None. 
Tunicata None. 
Fishes Many fish prey upon mosquito larvse — carp, etc. 
Amphibia Frogs and toads especially, by devouring insects and slugs. 
Reptilia Snakes destroy insects, rats, mice, and other noxious 
animals (fer de lance, grass snake, rat or corn snake). 
Birds All insectivorous birds and some birds of prey (warblers, 
swallows, starlings, rooks, kestrel hawk, owls. Starlings 
( Sturnus ) devour ticks on sheep ; Buphaga or ox- 
peckers the ticks on oxen in S. Africa*). 
Mammals Many mammals are beneficial (moles, skunk, hedgehogs, 
fox, shrews, various insect-eating bats ( Vesper tilionidse ) 
and others). 
* The Oxpeckers do some harm as well, for when no ticks are present on the ox 
or sheep they will wound the back of the animal, pecking deeply into the flesh. 
E. EAY LANKESTER. 
