XXX11 
First Report on Economic Zoology. 
GROUP P. 
Animals which concern Man as being destructive to his 
worked-up Products of Art and Industry, such as (A) his 
various Works, Buildings and larger Constructions and 
Habitations ; (B) his Furniture and Books, Drapery and 
Clothing; (C) Food and Clothes. 
The numerous animal pests coming in this group do not all confine 
their attacks to one sub-group only, but they will be dealt with under the 
heading of that sub-group in which they occasion most damage. A large 
number of these pests are cosmopolitan, having been distributed chiefly 
by artificial agencies (i.e., Corn Weevils, Cockroaches, Rats). Others 
have a wide distribution from natural agencies, such as ocean current* 
(Teredo worms). 
Survey of Sub-group A of Group F. 
ANIMALS DESTRUCTIVE TO MAN’S BUILDINGS AND LARGER 
CONSTRUCTIONS AND HABITATIONS. 
Protozoa to Cheetopoda ... None. 
Crustacea Limnoria terebrans and lignorum, and others do damage 
to marine works and shipping. 
Arachnida None. 
Hexapoda Numerous insects destroy the woodwork of bridges, 
telegraph poles, etc., such as Termites or white ants ; 
carpenter bees (Xylocopa) ; death watch beetles (Anc- 
bium) ; ants ( Formicidse ). 
Chilopoda and Diplopoda None. 
Mollusca Teredo worms damage marine works by boring into the 
wood ; Dreissena by entering water pipes ; Saxicava 
burrow into stone piers. 
Tunicata None. 
Fishes None. 
Birds Birds do damage and cause annoyance by building in 
chimney stacks (sparrows, storks) and by destroying 
mortar in buildings (pigeons). Woodpeckers damage 
telegraph poles in Germany. 
Mammals Burrowing animals may undermine man’s buildings and 
habitations (rabbits, rats, mice), and dam-fonning 
animals (beavers), by causing floods, may damage 
bridges ; otters, voles, by burrowing, damage canal and 
river banks. 
Survey of Sub-group B. 
ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO FURNITURE, BOOKS, DRAPERY AND 
CLOTHING. 
Protozoa to Crustacea None. 
Arachnida Acari ( Glyciphagus ) spoil furniture and are obnoxious. 
Hexapoda Termites or white ants ; wood-boring beetles ( Xylobium 
and Anobium ) ; leaf-cutting bees ( Megachile ) ; clothes 
moths (Tinea): Dcrmcstes beetles attack soft goods; 
cockroaches (Blattidee) attack boots, also Anobium ; 
