xxviii First Report on Economic Zoology. 
Arachnida None (?). 
Hexapoda Many insects attack leafage (pea weevils, Sitones), stem 
{Aphides), roots (wire-worm or Elate r larvae), seed 
(pea moth, Grapholitha pisana). 
Chilopoda and Diplopoda None. 
Mollusca Snails {Helix) and slugs ( Limax ). 
Reptilia and Amphibia ... None. 
Birds Many of the passerine birds take the seed in the ground ; 
also pigeons, rooks and jackdaws. 
Mammals Mice take seed in the ground. 
Survey of Sub-section (y) of Section I. 
ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO ROOT CROPS. 
Protozoa to Nemertina ... None. 
Nematoda None (?). 
Crustacea Woodlice {Oniscus, Arinadillidium). 
Arachnida None (?). 
Chilopoda None. 
Diplopoda Many Julidse damage roots. 
Hexapoda Large numbers of insects attack root crops (flea beetles 
(Halticidse) ; surface larvse ( Noctuse ); diamond-back 
moth ( Plutclla viaculipennis ) ; root weevils {Gcuto- 
rhynchus ) and Aphides). 
Mollusca Slugs and snails {Limacidse and Helicidse). 
Reptilia and Amphibia ... None. 
Birds Many birds eat the seedlings (linnets, sparrows, green- 
finches, larks). 
Mammalia Rabbits, hares and deer. 
Survey of Sub-section (8) of Section I. 
ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO FORAGE CROPS AND GRASS. 
Protozoa to Nemertina ... None. 
Nematoda Tylcnclius devastatrix causes clover sickness. 
Arachnida None. 
Hexapoda Large numbers attack roots (chafer larvse, Melolonllia, 
Cetonia, leather jackets or larvse of Tipulidse), leaves 
(weevils — Apions ), and seeds (thrips, midges — Diplods). 
Chilopoda and Diplopoda None. 
Mollusca Slugs and snails attack young forage crops. 
Reptilia None. 
Amphibia None. 
Birds The seed of grass, clover, etc., is eaten by sparrows and 
finches. 
Mammalia Moles cause annoyance in pastures by throwing up hills ; 
gophers in America ; voles and rabbits. 
Survey of Sub-section (e) of Section I. 
ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO FRUIT AND FRUIT TREES. 
Protozoa to Chtetopoda ... None. 
Crustacea Woodlice damage soft fruits {Oniscus, Ascllus). 
Arachnida Various mites (red spider, Tetranychus and Bryobia ) 
damage the leafage. 
Hexapoda Hosts of insects attack fruit — codling moth, woolly aphis, 
San Jos6 scale, pear midge, mussel scale, bark beetles, 
plum cuculio, fruit flies {Ceratitis) , phylloxera. Leafage, 
fruit, stem and roots are all subject to insect ravages in 
all parts of the world. 
Chilopoda None. 
Diplopoda Some millepedes ( Julidse ) damage soft fruits. 
Mollusca Slugs and snails damage soft fruits on the ground. 
