Introduction . 
xxv 11 
Survey of Sub-group B of Group E. 
ANIMALS WHICH CONCERN MAN AS CAUSING INJURY AND 
DISEASE TO HIS VEGETABLE PLANTATIONS. 
This group deals with animals which cause loss to farmers, gardeners 
and foresters. It may then be divided into three main sections ; (i.) 
animals injurious to agriculture ; (ii.) to horticulture ; and (iii.) to 
forestry. 
Each of these sections may be again conveniently divided up into 
smaller groups. 
Survey of Section I. of Sub-group B. 
ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO AGRICULTURE. 
This section may be divided up into several headings under the names 
of the particular crops grown by man. It is not possible here to enter at 
length into this sub-group, owing to its extensive nature. The following 
divisions of this section may be employed : — (a) animals injurious to 
cereal crops ; (/?) to pulse ; (y) to root crops ; (8) to forage crops and 
grass ; (c) to fruit and fruit trees ; (£) to hops ; (rj) to tea ; (0) to coffee ; 
(i) to sugar. 
Survey of Sub-section (a) of Section I. 
ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO CEREAL CROPS. 
The animal pests of corn crops are very numerous. 
Protozoa None. 
Platyhelmia None. 
Nemertina None. 
Nematoda Eelworms ( Anguillulidse ) cause disease, as tulip root in 
oats. 
Chietopoda Some Enchytraeus apparently cause disease to plants. 
Crustacea Land Isopods (woodlice) sometimes do harm (Armadilli- 
clium, Oniscus). 
Arachnida None (?). 
Hexapoda Numerous insects eat leaf (larvae of Nocture), stalks 
(Hessian fly, Ceciclomyia destructor, maize aphis, A. 
maiis, Cephas pygmxus, Leucanium, etc.), roots (wire- 
worm, E later idx), and seed and blossom (wheat midge — 
Diplosis tritici). 
Chilopoda None. 
Diplopoda Millepedes ( Julidse ) attack the roots of corn. 
Mollusca Many snails ( Helicidse ) and slugs ( Limacidx ) devour the 
leaves. 
Reptilia and Amphibia ... None. 
■^ r< ^ s Destroy the seed and pull up young plants (rooks, starlings, 
wood-pigeons, cranes ( Gruiclx ), wild geese ( Anser 
, r . anser in Europe, Plectropterus gambcnsis in Transvaal). 
ammals Ruminantia, especially deer, often do harm to standing 
corn ; rodents, as voles and mice. 
Survey of Sub-section (/ 3 ) of Section I. 
ANIMALS INJURIOUS TO PULSE. 
Protozoa to Nemertina ... None. 
Nematoda Eel- worms ( Tylcnchus ). 
rus acea Land Isopods (woodlice) attack young plants (Porcellio, 
Oniscus). 
