Introduction. 
XXlll 
Arachnida..... Ixodulx or ticks (Ixodes) and mange mites ( Sarcoptidx ). 
Hexapoda Biting flies ( Tabanus , Haematopota , Simulium), warble 
flies ( Hypoderma lineata and H. bovis). 
Amphibia None. 
Reptilia Poisonous snakes attack cattle — puff adder ; crocodiles 
( Crocodilus vulgaris) in African rivers. 
Birds None. 
Mammals The larger carnivora attack cattle, especially leopards. 
II. As germ carriers. 
Arachnida Ticks (Ixodidae) distribute various bovine diseases, as 
Texas fever. 
Hexapoda Probably biting flies, such as Tabanidse, Stomoxys, carry 
disease germs (Anthrax) ; tsetse-fly and Nagana. 
Mollusca Certain species of water snails (Limnseidx) carry the 
germs of flukes. 
Survey of Section (0) of Sub-group A. 
ANIMALS CAUSING BODILY INJURY AND DISEASE TO SHEEP AND GOATS. 
I. By direct injury. 
Protozoa Protozoa are said to cause a disease in the feet of 
sheep in Australia. 
Platyhelmia Numerous cestodes ( Moniezia cxpansa, planissima , alba) 
in intestines and cysts in the body ( Cysticercus tenui- 
collis), and in the brain (Coenurus cerebralis), causing 
“ sturdy.” The liver fluke (Distomum liepaticum) 
producing “ rot.” 
Nemertina None. 
Nematoda Numerous filaria in all sheep (lung worms, Eustrongylus 
filaria and husk). Strongylus contortus in intestines. 
Arachnida Sarcoptidx , producing scab (Psoroptes communis v. ovis) ; 
l'xodidx or ticks. 
Chilopoda and Diplopoda None. 
Hexapoda Keds ( Melophagus ovinus), nasal fly ( CEstrus ouis), and 
sheep maggots (Lucilia), lice (Mallopliaga) in sheep and 
goats. 
Reptilia Many poisonous snakes (puff adder, cobra). 
Amphibia None. 
Birds Some birds of prey (eagles) ; the kaka parrot ( Nestor 
meridionalis) attacks sheep in New Zealand. 
Mammals Large carnivora abroad and dogs generally. 
II. As germ carriers. 
Arachnida Ixodidx, and louping ill (Ixodes rcduvius ), and heartwater 
( Amblyomma ). 
Hexapoda Biting flies (Tabanus, Clirysops) may carry anthrax. 
Mollusca Some water snails (Limnaeidse) carry the germs of the 
fluke. : — >-7 ‘v „ . . • 
Survey of Section (7) of Sub-group A. 
ANIMALS CAUSING BODILY INJURY AND DISEASE TO HORSES, 
ASSES, AND MULES. 
Protozoa to 
Platyhelmia 
Nemertina.. 
Nematoda .. 
I. By direct injury. 
Echinoderma None. 
A- few occur in horses (Tamia plicata, and pcrfoliata). 
• None. 
Many in all parts of the body; armed strongyles (Sclero- 
stomum tctracanthum and cquinum) ; thread worms 
Filaria) ; maw worms (Oxyuris curvula and mastigoides). 
