xiv First Report on Economic Zoology. 
Crustacea All groups are eaten. Even cirrhipedes ( Pollicipes ) are 
sold in the market at Madrid and Balanus psittacus in 
South America. 
Arachnida Only by uncivilised man. 
Hexapoda Locusts in countries where they abound (Greece and 
N. S. Wales) ; larvse of aquatic insects and midges are 
compressed into cakes in Africa (Kunga cakes) ; bees 
(honey) ; the grubs of palm weevils ( Rhynchophorus 
palmarum) are eaten by natives of India and Burma. 
Manna produced by scale-insects ( Gossyparia mannipara 
in Arabia) ; ants eaten in India ; Bugong moths eaten 
in Australia; the Chinese eat the chrysalids of the 
silk moths. Karens eat cicadas ; Kaffirs and East 
Indians cook termites, and also eat them raw. 
Chilopoda By South American Indians. 
Diplopoda None. 
Mollusca Examples of all groups are eaten either raw or cooked by 
both civilised and uncivilised people (oysters, Ostrea 
cclidis , 0. parasitica ; clams, Mya arcnaria, species of 
Mactra and Venus and Razor shells, Ensis Americana ; Ark 
shells, Area and .Coclahia in America and West Indies), 
i Piddocks ( Pholas ) are eaten in Normandy; snails ( Helix 
mpe-rsa) in France; Bulimus ovatus is sold as food in 
Rio Janeiro; whelks ( Buccinum ) and limpets (Patella) 
in Europe; even sea slugs ( Aplysia ) are eaten in the 
South Sea Islands. 
Tunicates One species, Cynthia microcosvms , is eaten raw and 
cooked by the Adriatic fishermen. 
Fishes All kinds are eaten, even in civilised countries. Fish fins 
and fish maws eaten by Chinese, and isinglass obtained 
from swim-bladders of sturgeons and other fish. 
Amphibians Frogs only are eaten both in Europe ( Rana csculenta) and 
India (croaking and spangled frogs). 
Reptiles Many lizards ( Iguana tubcrculata in West Indies, 
I. clelicatissima in S. America, water lizards, Varanus 
dracaena , in India, and others) are eaten by civilised 
man ; also chelonians, as the green turtle, Chelonc 
miclas, and the hawksbill, C. imbricata. Alligators are 
eaten by Indians, and crocodiles by Siamese. Snakes 
are eaten by Australian aborigines. 
Birds All kinds eaten except birds of prey and fish-eating birds. 
Eggs of some wild species, as plovers and gulls. Nests 
formed by swiftlets ( Collocaliafucipliaga and C.francica) 
used for soups by CLiaese. 
Mammals All except the carnivora are eaten ; but civilised man is 
more selective than uncivilised man, and refuses as a 
rule to eat mammals not belonging to the Ruminantia, 
excepting the pigs, hares, rabbits, sometimes horse, and 
occasionally his dog. The manatee is eaten in West 
Indies ; the fox bat ( PteropiLS cclulis ) in Malay ; white 
whale ( Dclpliinaptcrus leucas) in Greenland and Siberia. 
Various marsupials — the koala ( Pliascolarctus cinercus ) ; 
wallabies and kangaroos ( Macropus ) ; rabbit-bandicoot 
( Pcragale lagotis), etc. 
Survey of Sub-group (b) of Group A. 
ANIMALS PURSUED FOR THEIR ECONOMIC PRODUCTS. 
Protozoa None. 
Porifera Sponges (grass sponge, Hippospongia equina; wool sponges, 
H. equina , variety gossypina ; Zimocca sponge, S. 
zimocca ; yellow sponge, variety corlosia, and others) 
are collected in many parts, as West Indies, Florida, 
Mediterranean. 
