Scale on Pineapples and Pine Beetle. 135 
water and the larger the lumps of cyanide used the slower the gas 
comes off. 
Experiments conducted by Mr. Cousins in England show that the 
following quantities are required per cubic foot of space — 3 ozs. of 
cyanide, 5 ozs. of acid, 8 ozs. of water per 1000 cubic feet. Both the 
cyanide and the gas generated are poisons. 
If eras treatment cannot be carried out owing to lack of material 
o o 
or apparatus, then spraying should be employed. 
Scale on Pineapples. 
{Diaspis bromelice , Kerner.) 
Pineapples are frequently damaged by a scale insect, which now 
and then causes the fruit to rot. Specimens have been sent by Mr. 
Hammond, of Kingston, Jamaica, for identification and information 
concerning it. This scale is the Pineapple Scale {Diaspis bromelice , 
Kerner). The scale is thin, circular and pure white — the females 
yellow or orange. Like most Diaspids, they burrow beneath the 
epidermis of the plants and become almost entirely hidden. 
It chiefly attacks the leaves, but now and then the fruit. 
It should be destroyed as soon as the fruit is cut. 
SUB-GROUP B. 
Section III. 
Animals Injurious to Forestry. 
The Pine Beetle. 
( Hylesinus piniperda , Linn.) 
Some pine wood sent by R. E. Haslam, Esq., from Monico, was 
found to be attacked by the Pine Beetle {Hylesinus piniperda , Linn.) 
It had killed an old tree and two young ones. This insect chiefly 
attacks diseased and damaged timber ; but if no unhealthy trees are 
about it will attack healthy ones. As a rule one sees this pest 
working in plantations of about thirty years standing. 
Scotch and Weymouth Pines are chiefly attacked, but cluster and 
other species of pines are frequently recorded as being damaged by 
this pest. 
This insect does harm in three ways ; (i) the beetles and larvae 
attack bark and bast, the former making longitudinal galleries with 
