152 First Report on Economic Zoology . 
others no animals of any sort are found save monkeys and rodents. 
Amongst other pests that affect camels very seriously in Jubaland is a 
species of gadfly which is restricted in its distribution to the open plains 
and sparsely-bushed country in the districts of Desek Wama and Derib, 
This fly, unlike the Tsetse, attacks animals during the day at all hours, 
and the symptoms produced by it (in camels) are identical in every 
particular with those produced by Tsetse, but I was unable at the time to 
substantiate this theory microscopically owing to lack of the necessary- 
materials, etc., for carrying on investigations. 
Yours truly, 
William S. Radford, 
Medical Officer, East Africa Protectorate _ 
Nairobi, 
4 tli September , 1901. 
Sir, — Referring to our conversation on the subject of Tsetse-fly in 
the Jubaland Province, I would state that along the Juba River where 
low-lying forest exists (my observations cover a distance of some hundred 
and twenty miles from Bulbula to Gele) Tsetse-fly abounds. The worst 
places are damp, dark, and low-lying, shaded chiefly by the Ndorna Palm. 
In many such localities there is little or no game and certainly no 
Buffalo. 
On the other hand, from Mtudo northwards buffalo are found, 
especially in rainy weather and in the heat of the day frequent the 
thickest depth of the forest ; here, too, Tsetse-fly is found in large numbers, 
as also in the dry lake beds adjacent to the river. At the same time half 
a mile or so away from the river and lake beds in the dense dry bush, 
where Buffalo feed in the early mornings and evenings, the fly does 
not appear. In many places the areas in which fly exist are quite small, 
possibly only a few hundred yards in extent, and I have seen a watering 
place made entirely free of fly for the time being by cutting down forest 
and undergrowth and burning the grass in the immediate vicinity. 
Again, at Lake Hardinge (now dry), where little or no forest exists, 
where buffalo are frequently seen, and always large herds of waterbuck, 
and Somalis graze their cattle at all times of the year without ill effects. 
Passing on, however, some thirty miles to the Rumbi forest on the 
Affmadu road, Tsetse-fly abounds, especially in wet weather. 
My opinion, therefore, is that Tsetse-fly is to be found in certain dark, 
damp, low-lying localities, irrespective of big game of any kind. 
I have, etc., 
(Signed) J. W. P. McClellan. 
Foreign Office, 
20 tli November , 1901. 
Sir, — With reference to my letter of October 15th last, I am 
directed by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to transmit to you 
for your information the accompanying copy of a despatch from His 
