330 
RICKETS IN THE LOWER ANIMALS. 
joints swelled ; and death generally results from imperfect 
alimentation and the results of irritative fever” (“ Hereditary 
Diseases of Cattle,” Journal of Royal Agricultural Society, 
vol. xv). Mason Good ( Study of Medicine, vol. v, p. 327, 
Art. “ Parostia Flexilis”) says that it has been seen in the ox ; 
and Hurtrel D’Arboval mentions its occurrence in “ the 
large ruminants.” 
Turning next to the Sheep, we again find rickets associated 
with a scrofulous tendency by Finlay Dun, in young sheep 
(“ Hereditary Diseases of Sheep and Pigs;” Journal of Royal 
Agricultural Society, vol. xvi ; Ci Lameness in Sheep and 
Lambs;” ibid.). Such lambs are said to be liable to a in- 
tractable swellings of the joints” and to “ rickets, a disease 
of the bones occurring in early youth from perverted nutri- 
tion, and consisting in a softening of the osseous tissue.” 
The same author describes the bending and distortion occa- 
sionally met with in rickety lambs. 
Pig. — Several authors assert that young pigs are very 
liable to rickets. Finlay Dun classes it with tabes mesen* 
terica and pulmonary consumption in these animals. Dick 
(Manual of Veterinary Science) says that it is frequently met 
with in young pigs ; and his brief account shows that the 
disease described agrees essentially with rachitis. We also 
find rickets in pigs referred to, again in connection with 
scrofulous enlargements and abscesses, &c., in the Jotirnal 
des Veter inair es, Toulouse, 1830, (translated in the Veterinarian 
for 1833), where it is stated that young pigs sometimes 
become affected with swellings of the joints and bones — 
especially those of the carpus and tarsus. 
Bog. — The dog is said by all authors to be specially liable 
to rickets. Heusinger says that “ dogs especially are often 
born rachitic, or become so shortly after birth” ( Recherches 
de Pathologie Comparee, p. 133) ; Dr. Cumin, in the Cyclopcedia 
of Practical Medicine, refers to its presence in young pointers 
and greyhounds ; and Hurtrel D^Arboval mentions its occur- 
rence in carnivora, including dogs. Blaine asserts that many 
puppies of fancy breeds and in large towns become rickety 
soon after birth ; such puppies grow slowly, except their 
“ heads, belly, and joints, all of which enlarge at the expense 
of the rest of the parts;” and further on he says that all the 
joints of the extremities swell into protuberances (Canine 
Pathology, Art. “ Rhachia ,” p. 177). In his opinion, it is 
commonly in (< pugs and the smaller sort of bull-dogs.” 
“ Stonehenge” (British Rural Sports , p. 743) gives substan- 
tially the same account of rickets in young dogs, referring 
to its frequency in large towns, although “ it is sometimes 
