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ANALYSIS 0E CONTINENTAL JOURNALS. 
might be greater. Neither has age any influence; the 
malady attacks both young, adult, and old, without dis- 
tinction. 
Though it is often difficult to trace the cause of the affection, 
I believe I am not far out in saying that the most frequent 
causes of this malady are — (1) excessive action brought on by 
fatigue, (2) long journeys, (3) prolonged sport, (4) sudden chills, 
(5) external violence, blows, & c., (6) abuse of emetics and pur- 
gatives, (7) obstinate constipation. Thus the malady prevails 
among setters and pointers a few days after the opening of the 
shooting season ; in hounds after a long run, and particularly 
in dogs which are not very fast, and are forced to keep up with 
the pack composed mostty of hounds of great speed ; in dogs 
which follow carriages for long distances ; and in retrievers 
which, after being heated, go into the water to recover the game. 
It also prevails among dogs which are left in the charge of 
keepers, and, as often happens, are subjected to strong drastic 
purgatives, or to emetics, with a view to cure the distemper ; 
also in those animals which receive blows and kicks, too often 
in wanton thoughtlessness and cruelty, or accidental com- 
pression in the region of the liver. Finally, the obstinate 
constipation so frequent in dogs condemned to live in large 
towns, seems to me to have a large share in the production 
of this malady. It is said that anger, combats amongst them, 
fright, &c., might cause jaundice. 
The first signs of the affection are variable, but most fre- 
quently the following symptoms are observed : dulness, pros- 
tration, difficulty in locomotion, arched back, acceleration of the 
pulse, nose hot and dry, mucous membrane of a bright-red 
colour, mouth dry and hot, staring coat principally on the 
back, abdomen hard and often tender in the region of the 
liver, and in a very short time seems as if adhering to the 
back. The animal soon refuses all food (liquid and solid), 
but there is an intense thirst, and the dog will not drink any- 
thing but pure water. Often the animal seems to be troubled 
with colic ; soon supervenes a symptom which is rarely ab- 
sent, that is, bilious vomiting, which is very frequent and 
often mixed with blood ; the urine becomes of a dark colour 
and bloody, constipation is frequently present, but sometimes 
there is diarrhoea, the excrements being bloody, and often 
the dog voids pure blood. At this stage the malady is easily 
recognised by an experienced eye, but soon there is no possi- 
bility of doubt, as the yellow tints set in, the mucous mem- 
branes are the first invaded by it, but soon the skin also 
shows the icteric tint. This tint varies sometimes from straw 
colour to dark yellow. 
The pulse now becomes weaker and much slower, the urine 
