574 
DAIRY FARMING. 
object. The floor should be laid with tiles in preference to 
flags, as having been submitted to the action of Are they tend 
to preserve that dryness of atmosphere so essential to success; 
while flags, however suitable they may be in other respects, 
attract damp, invariably sweating on the approach of rain, 
and continuing moist and clammy during the prevalence of 
wet weather. A thorough draught should be obtained, if 
possible, so as to keep the air pure and fresh, the taint im- 
parted by confined air being fatal to sweetness in the products 
of the dairy. Openings at opposite sides ensure this when 
the situation permits. When, however, these are only 
admissible on one side, ventilators must be placed on the 
ridge of the roof. Instead of these openings being glazed, 
perforated zinc should be neatly fitted, which, admitting air 
and light abundantly, excludes dust, flies, and all objection- 
able matters which may be floating about. Wooden shutters 
will be found useful during high winds, and for the exclusion 
of frost. A hot-water pipe carried round the house is of the 
greatest service in wdnter, enabling the temperature to be 
regulated, so as to get the cream to rise quickly and in full 
quantity, extreme cold being very prejudicial to its separation 
from the milk. In connection with, and having a door 
opening into the dairy, there should be a small room for 
churning and washing the butter and preparing it for sale. 
This is a most useful addition, and should not be done with- 
out if possible, as, if the operations which should be con- 
ducted here are performed in the dairy proper, it becomes 
almost impossible to preserve the purity and sweetness of air 
so essentially requisite. The floor of this room should be so 
constructed as to carry off the water without stagnation, the 
channel which conveys it going through the wall, and then 
communicating with a drain. On no account should the 
latter open into the house by being carried underneath the 
wall, as, however carefully managed, foul gases will be driven 
back, and the air inside become vitiated in consequence. The 
scalding-house should have no connection whatever with the 
dairy or churning-room, but should invariably be entered by 
a separate door. 
Utensils of the Dairy . — There is very great diversity of 
opinion with regard to the best material for the coolers or 
vessels which contain the milk while it remains in the dairy, 
china, glass, wood, earthenware, zinc, and tinned iron having 
all supporters, and all having something to recommend them, 
either on the score of economy or usefulness. China bowls 
being the most ornamental, are found on the shelves of those 
dairies which we have already had occasion to notice ; but are 
