612 
VETERINARY PATHOLOGY AND SURGERY. 
was requested to see a cart mare, the property of a farmer. 
The history of the case showed that she had been found in 
the meadow, early in the morning, lying down ; she was 
brought to the stable, and from that time had refused all food ; 
she had evinced pain, and given every indication of what an 
ordinary observer would pronounce “ gripes proper gripe 
medicine had, however, been administered, and the mare, not- 
withstanding, continued to grow worse. 
Symptoms . — Pulse variable both in character and number, 
sometimes rising to 90, again sinking to 55 ; extremities 
cold and hot alternately ; paroxysms of acute pain continuing 
for a few minutes ; intervals of repose for fifteen or twenty 
minutes ; animal down and rolling as if suffering from spas- 
modic colic ; urine passed freely ; no action on the bowels ; 
respiration during pain slightly accelerated, otherwise natural. 
Diagnosis. — Acute inflammation of the bowels, and pro- 
bably intussusception, together with some peculiar affection of 
the diaphragm. 
Prognosis. — Death. 
Treatment. — Suitable medicines were prescribed, enemas 
thrown up, and hot fomentations applied to the abdomen. 
All, however, failed, and death ensued. 
Autopsy next day. — Upon opening abdomen, the bowels 
generally, except in being tympanitic, appeared tolerably free 
from disease ; but the removal of the larger intestines at once 
disclosed the nature of the case. A portion of intestine, 
nearly two yards in length, had passed through a circular 
lesion of the diaphragm, about three inches diameter, into the 
thoracic cavity. An examination of this lesion clearly showed 
it was not of recent origin. 
Case II. Intestinal Calculus. — The subject of this case 
was a half-bred mare, eleven years old. Previous to my 
father’s seeing her on July 8th, she had been ill for four days. 
Symptoms. — Refusal of food ; tympanitis ; pulse 72 ; re- 
spiration natural ; extremities normal in temperature ; visible 
membranes slightly injected ; slight abdominal pains, not 
spasmodic; bladder full; straining to void faeces; there had been 
no action on the bowels for some days ; standing position, the 
hind legs being kept wide apart and extended behind the body. 
Diagnosis. — Impacted intestine, probably with hardened 
faeces, at the second flexure of the colon, or at its junction 
with the rectum, a mechanical plug being thus formed. 
Prognosis. — Death. 
Treatment. — Aperients combined with opiates, enemas. 
Following day : pulse 90 ; all the symptoms increased ; 
continue treatment. 
