52 Second Report on Economic Zoology. 
if properly mixed, and it will not harm the foliage even if put on 
concentrated ; anyhow a normal wash has not the least injurious effect 
on the leaves. 
Another feature noticed in Paris green spraying is that it 
damages the leaves most readily when applied with force. 
Bordeaux Mixture and Paris Green. 
Mr. K. Town Smith, of Yalding, wrote in April stating that he 
had been washing with Bordeaux mixture, and would be very much 
obliged to know if there is any danger to sheep eating the grass 
under apple trees sprayed with Bordeaux mixture. The mixture 
being made of 4 to 6 lbs. of copper sulphate, the same quantity of 
lime to 40 gallons of water, and “ have not put in,” writes Mr. Town 
Smith, “ any Paris green at present this season. Do you consider 
Bordeaux mixture and Paris green any good against Aphis ? ” 
The following information was sent : — 
“ With regard to keeping stock under trees sprayed with Bordeaux 
mixture, I do not think there can be any danger. You can do so 
with impunity when you have sprayed with Paris green. 
“ As no direct experiment has been conducted officially with 
Bordeaux mixture, I can only give my private opinion, and that is 
that the quantity used, just as in Paris green, is so small that it 
cannot hurt animals feeding below. 
“ Bordeaux mixture and Paris green are quite useless for all 
Aphides. 
“ For Aphides you must use soft soap — soft soap and quassia, 
or paraffin emulsion, or you may use soft soap alone — which I have 
always found sufficient for Aphis, but quassia undoubtedly clears the 
leaves of Aphis excrement.” 
General Wash for Fruit Trees. 
Later (9/5/03), Mr. K. Town Smith wrote requesting informa- 
tion regarding a general wash for insect pests. The following reply 
was sent : — 
“ The best general insect wash for fruit trees is made as follows : — 
“ A. (1) Dissolve 1 oz. of arsenate of soda in soft water, and add 
16 gallons of soft water and stir. 
“ (2) Then dissolve 3 ozs. of acetate of lead in soft water and add 
it to the above ; (1) still keep stirring until both are well mixed. 
“ B. Dissolve one quart of soft soap in two quarts of boiling soft 
water. Eemove from fire, and when still hot add 1 pint of paraffin ; 
