Reports to various Correspondents. 67 
Most of the caterpillars have pupated by the late autumn, but some 
do not do so until the spring. They may even be found in cabbages 
during the winter. 
Prevention and Eemedies. 
1. Destroy all chrysalids when digging the ground in winter — if 
large areas of cabbage have been attacked it would be well to turn 
poultry on the land. 
2. Cabbages may be dusted with gas lime that has been exposed 
to the air for three months or so ; the lime runs down into the 
cabbages and makes them obnoxious to the larvae and does not harm 
the plants. 
Cabbage Root Fly. 
(. Phorbia brassicse, Bouche.) 
Broccoli plants sent by the Eev. S. N. Tebbs, of Hillside, 
"W estbury-on-Trym, were badly attacked by the Cabbage Eoot Fly, 
the maggots of which tunnel in all brassiere in various ways. Mr. 
Tebbs writes that “ some of the plants have been blown out of the 
ground by the late winds, so much have their roots been weakened 
by this pest.” 
In a further letter, Mr. Tebbs states that they had tried soaking 
the infected plants in paraffin and tobacco for hours, but these 
seemed only to make the grubs livelier. 
Specimens were also received from the Board of Agriculture 
(vide page 182). 
Growers of cabbages, cauliflowers, early kale, etc. frequently com- 
plain of the presence of white grubs or maggots destroying their 
plants. That these grubs are of more than one species is well known, 
but the greatest injury is done by a single species, the Phorbia 
brassiere of Bouche (Fig. 9). 
Where cabbages are frequently grown on the same land this pest 
is neaily always present, and in many cases has steadily increased 
under such favourable circumstances that the growth of the plant and 
its allies has had to be entirely given up. It is no new pest, for 
Bouche, who described it in 1833, wrote that “ it often destroys 
whole cabbage fields.” In fact, since the beginning of the last 
century, it has been recognised as a serious pest in many European 
countries. In recent years it has also caused much harm in North 
America, where its life-history has been worked out in detail by 
Professor M. V. Slingerland. 
There are not only records of its attacking cabbage and its allies, 
F 2 
