34 Second Report on Economic Zoology. 
moths appear in July and August. The pupal stage lasts about two 
weeks. 
Marchal also records this species as a pest to almonds in France.* 
The Hawthokn and Cheeky Eemine. 
(Hyponomeuta padella, L.) 
This small Ermine Moth feeds normally on hawthorn, often quite 
defoliating the hedgerows. It also attacks cherry and plum. It is 
somewhat larger than the apple-feeding malinella, and differs in 
having the fringe of the anterior wings ash-coloured above, perfectly 
white below, without any dusky spot. 
It measures about 22 111m. across the open wings. The head, 
antenme, and palpi white ; the fore wings white or grey, variable in 
colour, with three lines of black dots, two of which are close and 
parallel to the interior margin, the third along the anterior edge, with 
other black dots near the fringe ; the wings ash-grey below, about the 
same colour as the upper surface of the inferior wings. A few black 
spots on the thorax. 
They appear in July and August. 
The life-history is very similar to that of the preceding. The 
larva is of a dirty whitish-yellow colour, with black head, and two 
dark spots on the first segment, forming the thoracic shield, and 
another the anal plate ; thoracic legs black. A median dusky line 
along the back, and on each side two rows of eleven round spots, 
brown in colour and slightly hairy. 
The pupa is yellow in the middle, brownish-black apically, and 
the same colour on the wing-cases. They live and pupate much as 
in the former species, but the cocoons are much lighter, so much so 
that the pupa can be seen within, whilst in H. malinella they are 
compact and opaque. They are placed differently also ; for in 
malinella they are in group-like packets, in this species they are 
never found in groups, but are more or less isolated, nor is the tent 
nearly so compact. 
Pkevention and Remedies. 
Washing with arsenites has but little effect upon these pests > 
owing to their feeding between the silken nests, which protect the 
leaves from contact with the wash. Whether spraying with caustic 
alkali wash in winter would kill the young larva? is also doubtful, if 
used at the strength generally employed, but it can be used at double 
* Bull. Soc. d’Etudes et de Vulgarisation dc la Zool. Agricole, No. 4, p. 17, 1902. 
