24 Second Report on Economic Zoology . 
be any good ; the ears will not come out of many, and most were 
completely spoiled. 
“ Bemedies are, of course, impracticable, even when the disease is 
in a much younger stage than that which you send ; but when the 
stunted plants are noticed earlier in the year, dressings of stimulating 
manure have been found _to push the plant on, and so save part of 
each ear. In districts where 
‘ Gout Ely ’ is prevalent, 
early sowing has been found 
of the greatest benefit. In 
one instance the following 
was noticed : (1) Sown in 
March, practically free from 
injury ; (2) sown April 6th, 
affected 2 per cent. ; (3) sown 
May 3rd, affected 20 per 
cent. It always seems to be 
late-sown barley that is 
damaged. 
“ It is especially bad on 
wet, low-lying parts of fields, 
near grassy headlands, and 
along the borders of ditches 
and furrows ; also where land 
is exposed to a sweeping 
wind. 
“ Grassy headlands should 
be cut and burnt in winter, 
if not at the present time 
(August). 
“ The flies will hatch out 
in September, and lay their 
eggs on wild grasses, and on 
rye or any cereals that may 
be above ground, continuing 
Fig. 2. — the gout fly ( Clilorops txniopus ) . 
a, Barley deformed by the larvae ; l), stalk of same, 
showing larvae at x ; c, the fly ; d. larva ; e, eggs 
greatly enlarged. (Partly after Curtis and Ormerod. ) 
into October. If the crop is harvested this month, which I presume 
it will not be in North Wales, the sheaves should be well shaken 
before being stacked, as many of the puparia will fall out, and can be 
swept up and burnt. All refuse should be burnt after stacking 
or thrashing. 3 ’ 
These flies commenced to hatch out on the 27th of August, and 
continued until the 4th of September. They lived some two weeks ; 
