Reports to various Correspondents. 
77 
Animals injurious to Forestry. 
The Holly-leaf Miner. 
Holly trees, especially holly hedges, are often disfigured by 
blistering of the leaves. Specimens of this damage were received 
from Upper Deal with the following note : — “ I have a hedge of this 
shrub very badly affected ; will you kindly tell me the cause of and 
the cure for the disease ? ” 
The trees were attacked by the maggots of a fly known as Chroma- 
tomyia ilicis, Curtis, a very common insect. Although hollies are 
frequently attacked by these insects, they seem to do very little harm. 
The insect is one of the Phytomyzidse, a family of leaf-mining 
flies, and has been described by Walker as Phytomyzci aquifolii. The 
fly appears in May. The hedge might then be sprayed with paraffin 
emulsion now and again — this might keep the flies away. Nothing 
has been tried to check this insect, so anything done can only be by 
way of experiment. 
The Goat Moth. 
( Cossus ligniperda , Fabricius.) 
The Goat Moth is one of the largest of British moths, and 
although really very common is seldom seen in its mature state. 
This is because the dull colours of the moth resemble so closely the 
bark of the trees upon which they rest. Although the moth is not 
well known, nevertheless, in its larval or caterpillar state it is a 
common and well-known object, whilst the damage the larvae do is 
so very marked that there are few people who cannot recognise the 
ravages of this pest. 
The Goat Moth ( Cossus ligniperda ) is found in most wooded parts 
of Great Britain, and is especially common in and around towns, 
where ornamental and park trees are frequently ruined by them. I 
have seen great numbers of trees killed in and around London, 
whilst in the suburbs the damage is still more frequent. 
Similarly in France, in Paris frequent damage is done by them ; 
the elms m the Bois de Boulogne have suffered severely. It is also 
a pest in Germany and other parts of Europe. In Great Britain it is 
perhaps most abundant in the south and east, but its attacks are 
frequent even up to the extreme North of Scotland. 
