126 Second Report on Economic Zoology . 
“ any measures taken to stop the annoyance caused by these 
Hies, it would be well to use creolin : in the crude form it is very 
cheap, and its eflects are more lasting than any other substance that 
can be employed on a large scale. It should be sprayed over the 
refuse-heaps twice at intervals of a few days. 
“ It will probably act not only as a repellent of the Hies and so 
stop them depositing their ova, but will destroy the laiva 3 it comes 
in contact with.” 
GROUP E. 
SUB-GROUP A. ANIMALS WHICH CAUSE BODILY INJURY 
OR DISEASE TO MAN’S STOCK OF DOMESTICATED 
ANIMALS. 
Ox Warble Flies. 
(. Hypoderma lineata , Villers, and II. bovis, de Geer.) 
The following information was sent to the Board concerning Ox 
Warble Flies : — 
“ For some time past the Ox Warble Fly has been recognised as a 
serious pest in Great Britain. The enormous losses, estimated by 
Miss Ormerod at £700,000 per annum in some years, have been now 
much reduced, owing to the measures taken by farmers and graziers. 
“ The exact amount of loss cannot be gauged ; but it still must be 
considerable, judging from the number of ‘ Warbled ’ beasts one sees 
in some parts of Great Britain. 
“ The Warble Fly that was supposed to occasion all this loss was 
said to be the Hypoderma bovis of de Geer. Although this species 
occurs in this country, it is not the chief culprit. The commoner 
Ilypoderma is undoubtedly II. lineata , Villers, and from observations 
made during the past year the greatest amount of damage seems to 
be done by this species ; in some districts entirely by it, but in others 
both may occur in the same beast. In most collections we find 
lineata and not bovis, and most (94 per cent.) of the larvae examined 
by me during the past few years have proved to be that species. 
“ H. bovis does not occur in America, at least, it has not so far 
been recorded. Probably it occurs in small numbers ; at least, it will 
be strange to find that one has been introduced and not the other, for 
