158 Second Report on Economic Zoology . 
with straw or dry moss upside down, either upon the ground or upon 
stakes ; in the latter case the straw must be tied in. They may be 
caught on rose trees, dahlias, etc., as mentioned by Mr. Whitehead, 
by placing pots, bottom upwards, on sticks, close to the flowers, filled 
with hay. These traps must be frequently examined, during the 
day-time and the insects collected and destroyed. 
They may frequently be taken in large numbers by placing pots 
filled also with hay along window sills. Fruit placed in these traps 
is advisable. 
They may be lessened by destroying those that hibernate in the 
winter. This can be done by examining the rough bark of any trees 
in the gardens, and killing the insects, and by burning all rubbish in 
which they are found to winter. 
Fruit trees against walls should have the cloth used for 
fastening removed and burnt, as they are often found in such places 
during the cold part of the year. Walls much damaged by nail holes 
harbour numbers ; these can only be destroyed by pointing the 
brickwork before the insects come out in the spring. 
The only substance likely to destroy Earwigs in the cracks and 
crevices in which they shelter is pure paraffin. 
There do not seem to have been any experiments in connection 
with this subject. 
Springtails on the Roots of Cauliflower 
and Celery. 
Some Aptera sent by Colonel K. 0. Lloyd, of Treffgarne Hall, 
Pembrokeshire, that were damaging the roots of cauliflowers and 
celery belonged to the genus Lipura. 
These insects frequently swarm in the ground, especially in 
cucumber frames and hot-beds. They attack the roots of almost 
all plants. Carrots may frequently be found covered with them, 
especially when suffering from “ rust.” Celery also is severely 
attacked, especially when other insects have mined the outer bleached 
stalks. These Lipura and other species and genera of Collembola 
feed upon the sound tissue of plants just as much as where the 
plants are diseased. Little is known regarding the economy of this 
Lipura— they breed in the soil, however, and the young forms 
resemble the adults. They are always most abundant in damp soil 
and in wet seasons. 
Soot and lime worked into the soil with a prong hoe has been 
found beneficial in attacks of this and allied species of Collembola, 
